Overview of Operating Systems and Software
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes system software from application software?

  • System software is only for advanced users.
  • Application software provides a platform for system configuration.
  • Application software controls peripheral devices.
  • System software manages hardware functions. (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a type of system software?

  • Device drivers
  • Operating systems
  • Web browsers (correct)
  • Utility software
  • What is the role of utility software in a computer system?

  • To help monitor and configure computer system settings. (correct)
  • To debug application software.
  • To provide user interfaces for programming languages.
  • To enhance the hardware performance of the computer.
  • Which statement accurately describes device drivers?

    <p>They help peripheral devices communicate with the operating system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically develops application software?

    <p>Individual programmers or organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines operating systems?

    <p>Software that manages hardware and software resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of application software?

    <p>To provide a platform for users to execute specific tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of utility software?

    <p>Antivirus programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kernel in an operating system?

    <p>Manages hardware resources and basic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of an operating system?

    <p>Web browser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does multitasking work in an operating system?

    <p>Executing several programs simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a file manager in an operating system?

    <p>Organize and manage files and directories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the memory manager do in an operating system?

    <p>Allocates space in main memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system is associated with Apple's products?

    <p>MacOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the boot loader in the boot process?

    <p>To load the operating system into memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layers exist in the external view of an operating system?

    <p>Set of interfaces and system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes virtual memory?

    <p>An illusion of having more memory than physically available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a directory in the context of a file manager?

    <p>A user-created bundle of files and other directories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Operating Systems Overview

    • Operating systems are complex software components that control computer systems.
    • They serve as intermediaries between users and computer systems.
    • Examples include Unix, MS Windows, MacOS, Linux, Sun Solaris, and DEC VMS.

    Software Components

    • Software components are programs that run on computers.
    • These programs perform computations and manage other important tasks.
    • Software components fall into two categories:
      • System software
      • Application software
    • System software controls hardware components and acts as an environment for programmers creating application software.

    System Software

    • System software includes programs that control and monitor computer system hardware, as well as tools for programmers.
    • It provides an environment for developing and executing application software.
    • System software includes:
      • Utility software: Assists with system configuration, monitoring, and application software setup. Includes security software and diagnostics tools (e.g., security software, diagnostic tools, communication tools)
      • Device drivers: Allow peripheral devices to communicate with the computer.
    • Types of users for system software:
      • System programmers
      • Application programmers
      • End users

    Application Software

    • Application software consists of programs designed to solve specific problems for users.
    • These programs execute under the control of the operating system.
    • Application programs are created for particular functions or goals.

    Operating System Components

    • User Interface: Communicates with users; includes text-based and graphical user interfaces (GUI).
    • Kernel: Performs core system functions; includes
      • File manager: Manages files and directories.
      • Device drivers: Manage communication with hardware devices.
      • Memory manager: Allocates and manages memory.
      • Scheduler and dispatcher: Manages the order of tasks the CPU performs.

    Functional Components of an OS

    • Process manager
    • Memory manager
    • Resource manager
    • File manager
    • Device manager

    Managing Processor Resources

    • Multitasking: The ability to run multiple tasks simultaneously.
    • Multithreading: Allows different parts of a single program to run simultaneously.
    • Multiprocessing: Distributes processes across multiple processors for parallel operation.

    File Manager

    • Directory (or Folder): A user-created grouping of files and other directories.
    • Directory Path: The sequence of directories leading to a specific file.

    Managing Storage Resources

    • File Directories and Folders: Organization of files in hierarchal structure. (Example given: C:\Music\Reggae\Marley One Love.mp3)

    Memory Manager

    • Allocates space in main memory.
    • Might simulate larger available memory compared to physical memory by swapping data between RAM and storage (called virtual memory).

    Boot Process

    • Boot loader: A ROM program that runs on startup, transfers the OS to RAM and then jumps there to execute the system.
    • Steps involved in booting include: Power on, starting boot program, power on self test, identifying peripheral devices, loading the operating system, then checking configuration.

    Security

    • Attacks from outside: Insecure passwords and sniffer software present an external security risk.
    • Attacks from within: Unruly processes pose an internal security risk. Security measures for these problems include control of processes using privileged modes and instructions.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of operating systems and software components in this quiz. Learn about system software and application software, as well as the role of utility software. Test your knowledge on how these systems interact and manage computer hardware.

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