Overview of Neurological Diseases

Neurological Diseases

• Epilepsy: A central nervous system (CNS) disorder characterized by seizures.
• Parkinson's Disease: Progressive degeneration of basal ganglia, leading to impaired motor coordination and tremors.
• Cerebral Palsy: Chronic, non-progressive disorder, marked by lack of muscle control.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Damage to myelin sheath covering nerves, causing numbness, double vision, and cognitive problems.
• Huntington's Disease: Genetic disorder causing mental and physical deterioration. A mutation in the Huntingtin gene is the cause.
• Polio: Highly contagious viral disease primarily affecting children, attacking spinal nerves and destroying motor neuron cell bodies.
• Paraplegia: Paralysis of lower extremities.
• Quadriplegia: Paralysis of all four extremities.
• Infectious Mononucleosis: Viral disorder, with symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and overall weakness. An unusually high number of monocytes is characteristic.
• Lymphoma: A tumor of the lymphatic system.

Other Diseases

• Dementia: Severe loss of cognitive ability beyond normal aging.
• Diabetes Type 1: An autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks the pancreas cells responsible for insulin production.
• Diabetes Type 2: Body does not produce enough insulin or is resistant to the effects of insulin; often related to lifestyle.
• Atherosclerosis: Narrowing of arteries by plaque buildup of cholesterol and other substances.
• Myocardial Infarction (MI, Heart Attack): A blood clot prevents blood flow to the heart.
• Ischemia: Inadequate blood flow and oxygen to the heart.
• Asthma: Severe inflammatory reaction often triggered by foreign substances such as allergens, causing difficulty breathing.
• Viral and Bacterial Infections: Invasion of the respiratory tract by viruses or bacteria.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Group of diseases causing airflow blockage and breathing problems.
• Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs.
• Tuberculosis and Pleurisy: Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis affecting lung tissue.
• Lung Cancer: Tumor originating in the lungs.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Abnormal acid reflux into the esophagus.
• Gastroenteritis, Diarrhea, and Dysentery: Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine lining causing watery and frequent bowel movements; dysentery involves bacteria or protozoa infection.
• Peptic Ulcer: Open sore in the stomach or duodenum lining.
• Appendicitis: Bacteria proliferation in the appendix.
• Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver.
• AIDS: Immunodeficiency syndrome caused by HIV infection.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disorder where the body attacks its own tissues and organs.
• Tonsillitis: Tonsil inflammation, potentially hindering the ability to filter out bacteria.

Explore overviews of various neurological diseases, their characteristics, and impacts on the central nervous system. Includes Epilepsy, Parkinson's, Cerebral Palsy, Multiple Sclerosis and more. Understand the genetic and viral aspects of conditions like Huntington's and Polio.