Overview of Mental Health Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is an important consideration when managing autistic patients during appointments?

  • Provide a designated quiet space in the waiting area. (correct)
  • Use complex medical language during explanations.
  • Make sure to conduct a thorough diagnosis.
  • Always schedule appointments during lunch hours.

Which of the following should NOT be a strategy to build rapport with patients?

  • Creating a non-judgemental environment.
  • Providing supportive responses.
  • Avoiding open-ended questions. (correct)
  • Using empathetic language.

What common medication side effect may impact oral care through saliva production?

  • Dizziness
  • Dry Mouth (correct)
  • Vomiting
  • Altered Taste

What is a barrier to accessing dental care that may affect various patients?

<p>Stigma and discrimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient discloses sensitive information, what is the recommended course of action?

<p>Consult with a senior colleague or safeguarding lead. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a suggested approach for handling appointments with autistic patients?

<p>Conducting the appointment without any prior visit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor could contribute to bruxism and therefore requires consideration in patient management?

<p>Medication side effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you are uncertain about how to respond to a patient's concerns?

<p>Speak with a senior colleague or safeguarding lead. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the learning outcomes related to Mental Health Disorders?

<p>Explain the implications of MHD on dental treatment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is crucial to recognize in relation to poor oral health?

<p>Psychological and sociological factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed in patients concerning their dental care experience?

<p>Their levels of anxiety and expectations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to recognize oral findings associated with mental health disorders?

<p>To inform appropriate dental management and treatment planning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does effective communication play in managing patient anxiety?

<p>It assists in building trust and addressing concerns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant responsibility of the dental team in relation to patients with mental health disorders?

<p>To recognize and refer to other health professionals as needed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a component of the systematic intra- and extra-oral clinical examination?

<p>Assessing dietary influences on dental health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should dental professionals provide in relation to preventive education?

<p>Comprehensive and accurate advice encouraging self-care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the impact of mental health disorders on dental care delivery?

<p>They may influence patient behavior and treatment cooperation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of managing patient pain during dental treatment?

<p>Effective communication and reassurance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with manic episodes?

<p>Panic attacks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is commonly used for managing PTSD?

<p>Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of schizophrenia?

<p>Hallucinations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a physical symptom of PTSD?

<p>Stomach aches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT commonly used for treating PTSD?

<p>Haloperidol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological treatment is often used for managing OCD?

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder can commonly accompany anxiety?

<p>Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common management strategy for manic episodes?

<p>Medication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional symptom can be present in PTSD?

<p>Feeling on edge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an arts therapy?

<p>Music therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of managing patients with MHD?

<p>Tailoring management to the individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can MHD present in individuals?

<p>On a spectrum and can vary over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if there is a concern about a patient’s mental health?

<p>Speak to someone within the practice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to create a non-judgmental environment for patients with MHD?

<p>Encourages open communication and comfort for patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should dental management be based on?

<p>The individual patient’s needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding MHD and chronic illness?

<p>MHD may accompany other chronic illnesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consideration when addressing mental health in dental care?

<p>Patient comfort and unique circumstances matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should dental professionals do when they suspect an eating disorder in patients?

<p>Refer to available resources and specialists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are elements of OCD?

<p>Obsessions (A), Emotions (C), Compulsions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of Anorexia Nervosa?

<p>Fear of fatness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified under feeding and eating disorders?

<p>Bulimia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is commonly used for managing Bulimia Nervosa?

<p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with the causes of OCD?

<p>Cultural influences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a long-term effect of Bulimia Nervosa?

<p>Kidney damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is common in individuals with Autism?

<p>Difficulty making eye contact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of disorder is Pica classified as?

<p>Feeding disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication type is typically prescribed for OCD management?

<p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)?

<p>Severe dietary restrictions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common mental health disorder worldwide?

<p>Anxiety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of depression?

<p>Loss of interest or pleasure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global population suffers from some form of mental health disorder?

<p>13% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to mental health disorders?

<p>Personal resilience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many people in the UK are estimated to experience a mental health problem each year?

<p>1 in 4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder typically consists of both manic and depressive episodes?

<p>Bipolar Disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common management technique for depression?

<p>Increased physical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for developing mental health issues in individuals with chronic illness?

<p>Increased stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected reaction of a person experiencing anxiety?

<p>Avoidance of distressing situations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mental health disorders is characterized by compulsive behaviors?

<p>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the estimated depression rates in the UK since the COVID-19 pandemic began?

<p>They have doubled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutritional deficiency is commonly linked to increased mental health issues?

<p>Omega-3 fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age group is least likely to be diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder?

<p>Children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common emotional symptom of anxiety disorder?

<p>Persistent feelings of worry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mental Health Disorders (MHD)

Conditions affecting a person's thinking, feeling, or behavior.

Prevalence of MHD

The frequency or rate of MHD in a population.

MHD and other health conditions

MHD often co-occur with or affect other health issues.

Oral findings related to MHD

Specific oral changes that can be signs of some MHD.

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Impact of MHD on dental care

MHD can affect a patient's ability, willingness, or mindset for dental treatment.

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Managing MHD during dental care

Strategies and approaches for working with patients suffering from MHD.

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Recognizing MHD in patient history

Identifying potential mental health conditions during a patient interview.

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Types of Mental Health Disorders

Diverse categories of conditions categorized by symptoms and characteristics.

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Dental Implications of MHD

How MHD can impact the outcomes of dental care and treatment.

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Patient Anxiety Management

Techniques to help patients feel more comfortable and less anxious during dental procedures.

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Mental Health Disorder

A combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behaviors, and relationships with others.

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Contributing Factors (MHD)

Individual attributes (managing thoughts/emotions), and social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental factors (policies, living standards, support, stress, genetics, and nutrition).

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Anxiety (MHD)

A natural response to worry, tension or fear, negatively impacting daily life.

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Anxiety Symptoms

Avoidance of situations, distressing/strong feelings lasting long, worries/fears disproportionate to the situation.

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Depression

A long-lasting or recurrent mood disorder characterized by sadness, loss of interest, guilt, or low self-worth.

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Depression Symptoms

Loss of interest/pleasure, guilt/low self-worth, disturbed sleep/appetite, tiredness, poor concentration, physical complaints.

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Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder with manic and depressive episodes, interspersed with periods of normal mood.

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Bipolar Episodes

Manic and depressive cycles with periods of normal mood between them.

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Anxiety Prevalence

Anxiety is the most common mental illness, affecting 284 million people.

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Depression Prevalence

264 million people are affected by depression; women are more affected than men.

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UK Mental Health Common Type

Mixed anxiety and depression is the most common mental health disorder in Britain.

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Chronic Illness & MHD Risk

Those with physical health problems face a greater risk of mental health problems, in either direction.

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MHD Spectrum

Mental health disorders exist on a range of severity, with a variety of types.

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MHD Management

A combination of approaches, including self-help guides, therapy, and medication, to treat and manage MHD.

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Manic Episode

A period of abnormally elevated mood, energy, and activity, often accompanied by irritability, inflated self-esteem, rapid speech, and decreased need for sleep.

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What are some symptoms of a manic episode?

Symptoms of a manic episode include elevated or irritable mood, over-activity, rapid speech, inflated self-esteem, and decreased need for sleep.

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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health disorder that can develop after a traumatic event, causing a range of psychological and physical symptoms, including flashbacks, avoidance, and heightened anxiety.

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What are some psychological symptoms of PTSD?

Psychological symptoms of PTSD include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of related situations or memories, panic attacks when reminded of the trauma, alertness or feeling on edge, and difficulty with beliefs or feelings related to the trauma.

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What are some physical symptoms of PTSD?

Physical symptoms of PTSD include headaches, dizziness, chest pains, and stomach aches.

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Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self, and behavior. Psychotic episodes can include hallucinations and delusions.

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What are some key areas affected by schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia impacts thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self, and behavior.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A mental health disorder characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that are performed to reduce anxiety caused by the obsessions.

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What are the core components of OCD?

OCD involves both obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Obsessive thoughts are recurring, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts that cause anxiety. Compulsive behaviors are repetitive actions performed to reduce anxiety caused by the obsessions.

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Building Rapport

Creating a positive and trustworthy connection with a patient through communication, empathy, and a non-judgemental approach.

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Recognizing Concerns

Identifying potential issues or concerns that a patient may be experiencing, even if they are not explicitly stated.

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Autistic Patient Considerations

Special considerations for patients with autism, such as booking appointments at specific times, offering pre-visit options, or providing a quiet space.

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Common Medication Side Effects

Predictable effects of medications that can impact oral health, including dry mouth, altered taste, and vomiting.

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Smoking, Alcohol, Substance Misuse

Factors like these can significantly impact oral health, leading to issues like tooth wear, caries, and oral appearance.

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Self-Neglect

A situation where a patient may neglect their oral hygiene due to various factors, leading to potential dental issues.

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Nail Biting and Bruxism

These habits can lead to tooth wear and abrasion, impacting oral health.

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Barriers to Accessing Care

Factors that prevent individuals from accessing dental care, including stigma, socioeconomic disadvantage, and avoidance.

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Tailored Dental Care

Dental management should be adapted to the individual patient's needs and not solely based on their mental health condition. This involves considering their unique circumstances, preferences, and coping mechanisms.

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Co-Occurring MHD

Mental health disorders often appear alongside other chronic physical illnesses, presenting unique challenges in patient management. This requires a holistic approach to address both the mental and physical aspects of health.

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Safe and Non-Judgemental Environment

Creating a comfortable and accepting atmosphere for patients with mental health disorders is crucial. This means fostering a space free from judgment and stigma, allowing them to feel safe and at ease.

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Resources for MHD

Accessing reliable information and support networks is essential for both patients and dental professionals dealing with MHD. Various resources, such as online platforms, organizations, and support groups, can provide valuable guidance and assistance.

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Recognizing MHD in History

During patient interviews, dental professionals should be attentive to potential signs or indicators of mental health disorders. This involves actively listening, observing behaviors, and asking relevant questions.

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What are the three elements of OCD?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by three main components: obsessions, emotions, and compulsions.

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What are obsessions in OCD?

Obsessions are persistent, unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant anxiety or distress. They are often irrational and difficult to control.

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What are compulsions in OCD?

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession. They are often aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing a dreaded event, but provide only temporary relief.

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What are the types of eating disorders?

There are several types of eating disorders, including Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED), Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), Rumination Disorder, Pica, and Orthorexia.

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What are common signs of anorexia?

Common signs of Anorexia Nervosa include an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, a preoccupation with body weight and shape, and severe food restriction.

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What are long-term effects of bulimia?

Long-term effects of Bulimia Nervosa can include damage to the teeth, vocal cords, stomach, and intestines, increased risk of heart problems and kidney damage.

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What are the main talking therapies for eating disorders?

Common talking therapies for eating disorders include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT), Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), and Focal Psychodynamic Therapy (FPT), as well as family interventions.

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What are characteristics of autism?

Individuals with autism may experience challenges understanding others' thoughts and feelings, have social anxiety, appear blunt or not interested in others, struggle to describe feelings, take things literally, prefer routine, dislike being touched or in close proximity, and have heightened sensitivity to smells and sounds.

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What are some associated conditions with autism?

Individuals with autism may also have other conditions like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, dyspraxia, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, and insomnia.

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What is the primary focus of management for autism?

The primary focus of management for autism is to treat associated conditions like epilepsy, ADHD, anxiety, and depression.

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Study Notes

Mental Health Disorders Overview

  • Mental health disorders (MHD) affect approximately 13% of the global population (around 971 million people).
  • Anxiety is the most common MHD, affecting 284 million people worldwide.
  • Depression affects an estimated 264 million people, with women being most affected.
  • In the UK, mixed anxiety and depression is the most common MHD, affecting about 7.8% of the population.
  • One in four people in England experience a mental health issue annually.
  • Depression rates in England have doubled since the COVID-19 pandemic.

Types of Mental Health Disorders

  • Anxiety: A natural human response to worry, tension, or fear. It becomes a disorder when it significantly impacts daily life, causing avoidance of certain situations, persistent distress, or overwhelming anxiety. Examples include persistent feelings of anxiety, avoidance of situations causing anxiety, and disproportionate fears.

  • Depression: A long-lasting or recurring mood disorder. Characterized by sadness, loss of pleasure, guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep/appetite, and/or tiredness.

  • Bipolar Disorder: Affects approximately 45 million people worldwide, characterized by cycles of manic and depressive episodes separated by periods of normal mood (although sometimes only mania is experienced). Manic episodes involve elevated or irritable mood, overactivity, rapid speech, inflated self-esteem, and decreased need for sleep.

  • PTSD: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder may develop after a traumatic event, like witnessing violence, surviving a natural disaster, or experiencing a life-threatening event. Psychological symptoms can include reliving aspects of the event, feeling on edge, avoiding triggers, difficult beliefs/feelings, panic attacks when reminded of the trauma, being jumpy/easily startled, displays of anxiety. PTSD frequently co-occurs with other mental health disorders and physical symptoms (like headaches, dizziness, chest pain, or stomach aches). It can impact everyday life aspects like looking after oneself, keeping a job, and coping with change.

Classifications of MHD

  • The slides provide a categorization of MHD types (neurodevelopmental, neurocognitive, substance-use, personality, bipolar, depressive, anxiety, disruptive impulse-control, gender dysphoria, sexual dysfunctions, sleep-wake, elimination, trauma- and stressor-related, dissociative, feeding and eating, somatic symptom, and other)

Additional Considerations for MHD Management in Dental Practices

  • Understanding the Spectrum: Mental health disorders are diverse and exist on a spectrum from mild to severe.

  • Patient Assessment: Thorough patient assessment is crucial. Avoid "blanket" management strategies; tailor care to each patient. Consider language, communication style, environmental factors, and build trust.

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder: Patients with autism spectrum disorders may need adjustments to appointments, such as booking times at the start or end of the day, allowing ample time, offering a quiet room prior to the appointment for calming, or notifying them about any potential environmental challenges in the practice.

  • Medication Interactions: Some medications can impact oral health (e.g., dry mouth, taste changes, or vomiting). Understanding potential interactions with prescribed medications is important.

  • Dental Hygiene Impacts: Smoking, alcohol, and substance use can lead to oral health issues like tooth wear and cavities. Managing these factors is essential alongside the holistic mental health considerations.

  • Barriers to Accessing Care: Stigma, avoidance, socio-economic disadvantages, or isolation can make seeking care difficult.

  • Raise Concerns: If a patient's specific needs or concerns are not being met, raising concerns with trained staff is important for patient safety and appropriate support.

Summary

  • MHD are common, present on a spectrum, and often co-occur with other chronic illnesses.
  • Management in dental practice requires individualised assessments and careful consideration of potential communication, environmental, or physical impacts including symptom management for patients. Resources are available for support and further information.

Further Reading

  • UCLH Trust training materials on mental health (anxiety, depression, stress) for health professionals.
  • Resources for specific disorders like Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Eating Disorders (Anorexia, Bulimia).

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Description

This quiz explores the various mental health disorders, focusing on their prevalence and types, including anxiety and depression. Learn about the impact these disorders have on individuals globally and how they manifest in daily life. Test your knowledge with a variety of questions about mental health statistics and definitions.

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