Mental Health Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for tailoring patient management at each visit?

  • Patients have the same needs every visit.
  • Management should be standardized for efficiency.
  • Each patient has unique needs that vary by visit. (correct)
  • Patients prefer a one-size-fits-all approach.

Which of the following approaches can help build rapport with patients?

  • Rushing through the appointment.
  • Using technical jargon to explain procedures.
  • Avoiding any physical interaction.
  • Maintaining a non-judgemental environment. (correct)

How should appointments be scheduled for autistic patients to reduce anxiety?

  • After other patients to avoid long waits.
  • Whenever there is an opening in the schedule.
  • During lunchtime when it is busiest.
  • At the beginning or end of the day. (correct)

What is one common medication side effect that may impact oral cavity health?

<p>Dry mouth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a barrier to accessing dental care?

<p>Availability of insurance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a practitioner do if they have concerns about a patient?

<p>Consult a senior colleague or safeguarding lead. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with self-neglect impacting oral health?

<p>Substance misuse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major learning outcomes related to mental health disorders in dental care?

<p>Name and briefly explain mental health disorders that may present in a medical history (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a patient's mental health status influence their oral health?

<p>It can contribute to poor oral hygiene practices and treatment adherence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor is important to recognize in relation to oral health?

<p>The patient's level of dental anxiety and its effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the dental team regarding mental health?

<p>Providing surgical treatment for mental disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should dental professionals communicate effectively regarding individual patients?

<p>Changes in oral health status and associated implications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oral findings are most likely associated with mental health disorders?

<p>Inflamed gums and tooth decay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should be considered when assessing a patient's dental care needs in relation to MHD?

<p>Socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for managing patient anxiety during dental care?

<p>Effective communication and reassurance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of manic episodes?

<p>Elevated mood or irritability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a psychological symptom of PTSD?

<p>Experiencing persistent sadness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common physical symptoms associated with PTSD?

<p>Headaches, dizziness, and chest pains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is used for managing schizophrenia?

<p>Family intervention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population is most affected by depression according to the statistics?

<p>Women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characterizes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

<p>Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a contributing factor to mental disorders?

<p>Social and cultural factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global population suffers from mental health disorders?

<p>13% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential impact of PTSD on everyday life?

<p>Difficulty coping with change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes a combination of manic and depressive episodes?

<p>Bipolar Disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication is used in the management of PTSD?

<p>Phenelzine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common treatment approach for OCD?

<p>Exposure and Response Prevention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common mental disorder in Britain?

<p>Mixed anxiety &amp; depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary management strategy for moderate to severe depression?

<p>Talking therapies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What commonly associated disorder can arise alongside PTSD?

<p>Dissociative disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological treatment is effective for managing manic episodes?

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines anxiety as a mental health problem?

<p>Experiencing anxiety that interferes with daily activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mental health disorder often increases the risk of physical health problems?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with depressive disorders?

<p>Feelings of guilt or low self-worth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of factors are included as determinants of mental health?

<p>Social protection and community support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element of OCD involves intrusive thoughts?

<p>Obsessions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is classified as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

<p>Fluoxetine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of Anorexia Nervosa?

<p>Distorted perception of body shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the practice of binge eating followed by purging?

<p>Bulimia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the eating disorder that includes avoidance of certain foods due to their texture or smell?

<p>ARFID (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder?

<p>Difficulty understanding social cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which long-term effect is associated with Bulimia Nervosa?

<p>Kidney damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is primarily used in the management of which disorder?

<p>OCD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of feeding and eating disorder?

<p>Nutritional disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common emotional trait found in individuals with autism?

<p>Superficial emotional responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mental Health Disorders (MHD)

Conditions affecting a person's mental state and well-being, significantly impacting daily life.

Prevalence of MHD

The frequency or commonality of mental health disorders in a population.

MHD in Medical History

A recorded history of a patient encountering a mental health disorder.

Dental Implications of MHD

How mental health disorders might affect a person's oral health and dental visits.

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Oral Findings in MHD

Physical signs in the mouth that can suggest a mental health disorder.

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Management of MHD in Dental Care

Strategies for handling patients with mental health disorders during dental procedures.

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Systemic Disease

Diseases affecting the body as a whole that can impact oral health.

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Sociological Factors in Oral Health

Social conditions that influence oral health.

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Mental Health Disorders

Conditions characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behaviors, and relationships.

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Contributing Factors to MHD

Individual attributes (managing thoughts/emotions), social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental elements (policies, living standards, support).

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Anxiety (as mental disorder)

Excessive worry or fear impacting daily life, disproportionate to the situation.

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Depression

A mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and other symptoms.

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Bipolar Disorder

A mental illness characterized by alternating periods of manic and depressive mood.

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Anxiety is the most prevalent mental illness

Affects about 284 million people globally.

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Mixed anxiety & depression (UK)

Most common mental disorder in Britain.

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MHD and Chronic Illness

Having physical health problems increases the risk of mental illness and vice-versa.

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Management of MHD

A variety of approaches, including self-help, therapies (e.g., CBT), and medication (e.g., antidepressants).

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Manic Episode

A period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, activity, and energy levels.

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PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

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Traumatic Event

An event that causes significant fear for one's life or serious injury.

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Psychological Symptoms of PTSD

Experiences like reliving trauma, avoiding reminders, and feeling on edge.

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Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder affecting thinking, perception, emotions, language, and behavior.

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Psychotic episode

A period with hallucinations or delusions.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A mental health condition characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

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Obsessive thoughts

Unwanted and intrusive thoughts.

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Compulsive behaviors

Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety associated with an obsessive thought.

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Obsessions (OCD)

Recurring, unwanted thoughts or mental images that trigger anxiety in OCD.

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Compulsions (OCD)

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to obsessions to reduce anxiety.

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Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to significantly low body weight, distorted body image, and unhealthy eating habits.

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Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder with cycles of bingeing (consuming large amounts of food) followed by purging (trying to get rid of the food, such as vomiting or using laxatives).

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Eating Disorders

A group of mental illnesses that involve abnormal eating or feeding behaviors not better explained by other health conditions.

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A type of talk therapy recognized as an effective treatment for various mental health conditions, including OCD and eating disorders. It focuses on recognizing and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges with social communication and interaction, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests.

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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

A class of antidepressant medications that help manage OCD and other mental health conditions by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

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Binge eating

Eating significantly more food in a short period of time than most people would eat under similar circumstances.

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Rapport Building

Creating a positive relationship with the patient based on trust and understanding. This involves using appropriate language, delivering messages clearly, and creating a non-judgemental environment.

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Autism Considerations

Patients with autism may need special accommodations during dental visits, such as scheduling appointments at specific times, offering quiet spaces, and providing clear communication.

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Medication Side Effects

Some medications can have side effects that affect oral health. It's important to identify these side effects to manage potential dental issues.

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Tooth Wear

Excessive wear on tooth enamel, often caused by habits like smoking, alcohol use, or nail biting.

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Bruxism

Grinding or clenching teeth, often during sleep, which can lead to tooth wear and discomfort.

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Barriers to Care (Stigma)

Social stigma and discrimination can prevent individuals from seeking dental care, especially those with mental health issues.

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Raising Concerns

If you have concerns about a patient's health or well-being, always communicate with senior colleagues or safeguarding leads.

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Study Notes

Mental Health Disorders

  • Mental health disorders (MHD) affect approximately 13% of the global population (around 971 million people)
  • Anxiety is the most common mental illness globally, affecting 284 million people
  • Depression affects an estimated 264 million people, with women most affected
  • Mixed anxiety and depression is the most common mental disorder in Britain, affecting 7.8% of the population
  • 1 in 4 people in England experience some form of mental health problem each year
  • Since the COVID-19 pandemic, depression rates have doubled in the UK
  • Those with a physical health problem are more likely to develop mental health issues, and vice-versa
  • More than 15 million people (30% of the UK population) live with one or more long-term conditions and more than 4 million of these people also have mental health problems
  • People with cancer, diabetes, asthma, and high blood pressure face a greater risk of developing mental health issues like depression, anxiety and PTSD
  • MHD exists on a spectrum

Types of Mental Health Disorders

  • Anxiety: A natural human response to worry, tension, or fear, especially when concerning future events. It becomes a problem when it significantly impacts daily life
    • Characteristics of problematic anxiety include avoidance of situations that cause anxiety, overwhelming worries, feelings of anxiety that are strong and last a long time, difficulty completing daily tasks, and regularly experiencing anxiety symptoms
    • Management: Self-help workbooks, online CBT programs, applied relaxation therapy, anti-depressants (SSRI), pregabalin, beta-blockers, and benzodiazepine tranquillisers
  • Depression: A long-lasting or repetitive condition characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, disturbed sleep or appetite, tiredness, and poor concentration
    • Individuals may also experience physical complaints without a clear cause
    • Management: Talking therapies (mild/moderate), Psychotherapy (mild/moderate), Medication (anti-depressants) (moderate/severe)
  • Bipolar Disorder: Affects approximately 45 million people worldwide. Typically involves both manic and depressive episodes, separated by periods of normal mood
    • Manic episodes: Elevated/irritable mood, over-activity, rapid speech, inflated self-esteem, and decreased need for sleep
    • Depressive episodes: Medication, psychological treatments (CBT), talking therapies (CBT, IPT, FPT), and enhanced relapse prevention.
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): May develop after a traumatic event. Psychological symptoms include reliving aspects of the event, alertness, anxiety, avoidance of feelings, difficult beliefs, upset/anger, and other anxiety symptoms, headaches, dizziness, chest pains and stomach aches
    • PTSD can impact everyday activities like self- care, job maintenance, decision making, and coping skills
    • Management: CBT, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), paroxetine, mirtazapine, amitriptyline, and phenelzine
  • Schizophrenia: A severe mental disorder that affects 20 million people globally, characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self, and behaviour.
    • Psychotic episodes may include hallucinations and delusions.
    • Management: CBT, psychodynamic therapy, family intervention, antipsychotics, art, music, dance, and drama therapies
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Affects approximately 1-2% of the population, characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
    • Management: CBT, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine, sertraline, and citalopram, dopamine blockers like risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine
  • Feeding and Eating Disorders: Conditions involving abnormal eating or feeding behaviours, not explained by other health conditions or culturally acceptable
    • Examples include anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), rumination disorder, pica, orthorexia
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, repetitive behaviors, and interests
    • Management: Therapies (focus on associated conditions such as ADHD, depression, and OCD)

Management

  • General Patient Management: Assess each patient individually and develop a tailored treatment plan. Build rapport and trust using appropriate language, empathetic communication, and a non-judgemental environment
  • Autistic Patients: Book appointments at appropriate times (start/end of day), offer a pre-visit, allow for a support person/quiet space, ask how to make it easier

Additional Considerations

  • Medication Side Effects: Common side effects include dry mouth, altered taste, and vomiting
  • Barriers to Care: Stigma, discrimination, avoidance, socioeconomic disadvantage, and isolation
  • Raising Concerns: If a concern regarding a patient arises or information is disclosed and how to respond, discuss with colleagues or safeguarding leads
  • Chronic Conditions: Mental, and physical health disorders may happen together

Resources

  • Information on resources to help with mental health, including websites for specific conditions. These support a range of mental health illnesses

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Mental Health Disorders DTH22 Student Copy PDF

Description

This quiz delves into various mental health disorders (MHD), their prevalence, and their impact on different populations. Explore statistics on anxiety, depression, and the connection between physical health problems and mental health issues, especially in the context of recent global challenges. Understanding these factors is crucial for promoting mental well-being.

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