Mental Health Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for tailoring patient management at each visit?

  • Patients have the same needs every visit.
  • Management should be standardized for efficiency.
  • Each patient has unique needs that vary by visit. (correct)
  • Patients prefer a one-size-fits-all approach.

    • Which of the following approaches can help build rapport with patients?

  • Rushing through the appointment.
  • Using technical jargon to explain procedures.
  • Avoiding any physical interaction.
  • Maintaining a non-judgemental environment. (correct)

    • How should appointments be scheduled for autistic patients to reduce anxiety?

  • After other patients to avoid long waits.
  • Whenever there is an opening in the schedule.
  • During lunchtime when it is busiest.
  • At the beginning or end of the day. (correct)

    • What is one common medication side effect that may impact oral cavity health?

    <p>Dry mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a barrier to accessing dental care?

    <p>Availability of insurance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a practitioner do if they have concerns about a patient?

    <p>Consult a senior colleague or safeguarding lead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with self-neglect impacting oral health?

    <p>Substance misuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major learning outcomes related to mental health disorders in dental care?

    <p>Name and briefly explain mental health disorders that may present in a medical history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a patient's mental health status influence their oral health?

    <p>It can contribute to poor oral hygiene practices and treatment adherence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological factor is important to recognize in relation to oral health?

    <p>The patient's level of dental anxiety and its effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the dental team regarding mental health?

    <p>Providing surgical treatment for mental disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should dental professionals communicate effectively regarding individual patients?

    <p>Changes in oral health status and associated implications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral findings are most likely associated with mental health disorders?

    <p>Inflamed gums and tooth decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be considered when assessing a patient's dental care needs in relation to MHD?

    <p>Socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for managing patient anxiety during dental care?

    <p>Effective communication and reassurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of manic episodes?

    <p>Elevated mood or irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a psychological symptom of PTSD?

    <p>Experiencing persistent sadness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common physical symptoms associated with PTSD?

    <p>Headaches, dizziness, and chest pains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is used for managing schizophrenia?

    <p>Family intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is most affected by depression according to the statistics?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characterizes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a contributing factor to mental disorders?

    <p>Social and cultural factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the global population suffers from mental health disorders?

    <p>13%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential impact of PTSD on everyday life?

    <p>Difficulty coping with change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes a combination of manic and depressive episodes?

    <p>Bipolar Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is used in the management of PTSD?

    <p>Phenelzine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common treatment approach for OCD?

    <p>Exposure and Response Prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common mental disorder in Britain?

    <p>Mixed anxiety &amp; depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary management strategy for moderate to severe depression?

    <p>Talking therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly associated disorder can arise alongside PTSD?

    <p>Dissociative disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological treatment is effective for managing manic episodes?

    <p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines anxiety as a mental health problem?

    <p>Experiencing anxiety that interferes with daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mental health disorder often increases the risk of physical health problems?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with depressive disorders?

    <p>Feelings of guilt or low self-worth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of factors are included as determinants of mental health?

    <p>Social protection and community support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element of OCD involves intrusive thoughts?

    <p>Obsessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

    <p>Fluoxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of Anorexia Nervosa?

    <p>Distorted perception of body shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by the practice of binge eating followed by purging?

    <p>Bulimia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the eating disorder that includes avoidance of certain foods due to their texture or smell?

    <p>ARFID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Difficulty understanding social cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which long-term effect is associated with Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is primarily used in the management of which disorder?

    <p>OCD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of feeding and eating disorder?

    <p>Nutritional disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common emotional trait found in individuals with autism?

    <p>Superficial emotional responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mental Health Disorders

    • Mental health disorders (MHD) affect approximately 13% of the global population (around 971 million people)
    • Anxiety is the most common mental illness globally, affecting 284 million people
    • Depression affects an estimated 264 million people, with women most affected
    • Mixed anxiety and depression is the most common mental disorder in Britain, affecting 7.8% of the population
    • 1 in 4 people in England experience some form of mental health problem each year
    • Since the COVID-19 pandemic, depression rates have doubled in the UK
    • Those with a physical health problem are more likely to develop mental health issues, and vice-versa
    • More than 15 million people (30% of the UK population) live with one or more long-term conditions and more than 4 million of these people also have mental health problems
    • People with cancer, diabetes, asthma, and high blood pressure face a greater risk of developing mental health issues like depression, anxiety and PTSD
    • MHD exists on a spectrum

    Types of Mental Health Disorders

    • Anxiety: A natural human response to worry, tension, or fear, especially when concerning future events. It becomes a problem when it significantly impacts daily life
      • Characteristics of problematic anxiety include avoidance of situations that cause anxiety, overwhelming worries, feelings of anxiety that are strong and last a long time, difficulty completing daily tasks, and regularly experiencing anxiety symptoms
      • Management: Self-help workbooks, online CBT programs, applied relaxation therapy, anti-depressants (SSRI), pregabalin, beta-blockers, and benzodiazepine tranquillisers
    • Depression: A long-lasting or repetitive condition characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, disturbed sleep or appetite, tiredness, and poor concentration
      • Individuals may also experience physical complaints without a clear cause
      • Management: Talking therapies (mild/moderate), Psychotherapy (mild/moderate), Medication (anti-depressants) (moderate/severe)
    • Bipolar Disorder: Affects approximately 45 million people worldwide. Typically involves both manic and depressive episodes, separated by periods of normal mood
      • Manic episodes: Elevated/irritable mood, over-activity, rapid speech, inflated self-esteem, and decreased need for sleep
      • Depressive episodes: Medication, psychological treatments (CBT), talking therapies (CBT, IPT, FPT), and enhanced relapse prevention.
    • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): May develop after a traumatic event. Psychological symptoms include reliving aspects of the event, alertness, anxiety, avoidance of feelings, difficult beliefs, upset/anger, and other anxiety symptoms, headaches, dizziness, chest pains and stomach aches
      • PTSD can impact everyday activities like self- care, job maintenance, decision making, and coping skills
      • Management: CBT, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), paroxetine, mirtazapine, amitriptyline, and phenelzine
    • Schizophrenia: A severe mental disorder that affects 20 million people globally, characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self, and behaviour.
      • Psychotic episodes may include hallucinations and delusions.
      • Management: CBT, psychodynamic therapy, family intervention, antipsychotics, art, music, dance, and drama therapies
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Affects approximately 1-2% of the population, characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
      • Management: CBT, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine, sertraline, and citalopram, dopamine blockers like risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine
    • Feeding and Eating Disorders: Conditions involving abnormal eating or feeding behaviours, not explained by other health conditions or culturally acceptable
      • Examples include anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), rumination disorder, pica, orthorexia
    • Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, repetitive behaviors, and interests
      • Management: Therapies (focus on associated conditions such as ADHD, depression, and OCD)

    Management

    • General Patient Management: Assess each patient individually and develop a tailored treatment plan. Build rapport and trust using appropriate language, empathetic communication, and a non-judgemental environment
    • Autistic Patients: Book appointments at appropriate times (start/end of day), offer a pre-visit, allow for a support person/quiet space, ask how to make it easier

    Additional Considerations

    • Medication Side Effects: Common side effects include dry mouth, altered taste, and vomiting
    • Barriers to Care: Stigma, discrimination, avoidance, socioeconomic disadvantage, and isolation
    • Raising Concerns: If a concern regarding a patient arises or information is disclosed and how to respond, discuss with colleagues or safeguarding leads
    • Chronic Conditions: Mental, and physical health disorders may happen together

    Resources

    • Information on resources to help with mental health, including websites for specific conditions. These support a range of mental health illnesses

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    Related Documents

    Mental Health Disorders DTH22 Student Copy PDF

    Description

    This quiz delves into various mental health disorders (MHD), their prevalence, and their impact on different populations. Explore statistics on anxiety, depression, and the connection between physical health problems and mental health issues, especially in the context of recent global challenges. Understanding these factors is crucial for promoting mental well-being.

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