Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of proteolytic enzymes?
From which source is pepsin derived?
Which proteolytic enzyme is commonly used as a meat tenderizer?
What is the primary action of bromelains?
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Which condition is associated with the use of the enzyme chymopapain?
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What role does alcalase primarily serve?
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How does papain assist in skin care?
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What environment is pepsin inactive in?
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Which enzyme is used for stabilizing chill-proof beer?
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What enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down fat in digestion?
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What is the primary use of urease in a laboratory setting?
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Which enzyme is primarily used in the medical field to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
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What role does lipoxygenase play in food production?
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What is a common application of enzymes in the medical field?
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Which enzyme is most potent for treating severe burns or skin ulcers?
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What is the primary function of chymopapain in the treatment of herniated lumbar intervertebral discs?
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Which enzyme is typically derived from the pancreas of livestock and aids in digestion?
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What is the effect of urokinase in medical treatment?
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Which proteolytic enzyme is not used for wound debridement?
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What is the role of streptokinase in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions?
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Which enzyme digests soft necrotic tissue primarily composed of denatured collagen?
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What type of enzyme is characterized by catalyzing oxidation reactions?
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What transformation is facilitated by rennin during cheesemaking?
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Which enzyme converts proteoses and peptones into amino acids?
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What is the primary use of fibrinolysin in medical treatments?
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What is the primary function of peroxidase enzymes?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes thrombin?
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Amylopsin is primarily involved in which process?
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Where is amylase predominantly found?
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What type of reactions do carbohydrase enzymes catalyze?
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What is the role of invertase or sucrase in food preparation?
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Which enzyme is responsible for converting fibrinogen to fibrin?
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Which carbohydrate-digesting enzyme is produced in both salivary glands and the pancreas?
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What type of substrate do oxidases typically utilize?
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The action of amylase on pre-cooked foods is primarily to:
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What is the primary function of Zymase?
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Which enzyme is known for hydrolyzing the glucoside sinigrin?
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What is the function of Amylase?
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Which enzyme is utilized in the filtering and clarification of fruit juices?
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What does Lactase prevent in dairy products?
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Which of the following enzymes is essential for promoting diffusion of subcutaneous infusions?
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Which enzyme is also referred to as steapsin?
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What is the role of Cellulase in the production process?
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Which enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of an ester group?
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Which enzyme is involved in breaking down pectin during the ripening of fruits?
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Study Notes
Enzymes Overview
- Enzymes serve vital functions in various industries, including commercial, pharmaceutical, and medicinal applications.
- Proteolytic enzymes break down proteins and are sourced from animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. They assist in digestion and reduce swelling and pain.
Proteolytic Enzymes Examples
-
Pepsin:
- Active in gastric juice; aids in digestion of proteins from meat, dairy, etc.
- Derived from the stomach of pigs (Sus scrofa); activated by HCl.
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Alcalase:
- An alkaline protease; used for producing protein hydrolysates.
- Effective as a stain remover in laundry applications.
-
Bromelain:
- Extracted from pineapple juice; acts as a meat tenderizer.
- Beneficial for reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair.
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Papain:
- Sourced from raw papaya fruit; functions as a meat tenderizer.
- Aids in wound healing and skin renewal; used in beer stabilization.
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Chymopapain:
- Extracted from green papaya; used in treatment for herniated discs.
- Alleviates lower back pain by reducing intradiscal pressure.
-
Trypsin:
- Found in the small intestine; facilitates protein digestion.
- Used for wound debridement; commonly sourced from livestock pancreas.
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Sutilains:
- Derived from Bacillus subtilis; used in wound debridement.
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Rennin:
- Present in animal stomachs; curdles milk for cheese production.
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Erepsin:
- Present in intestinal juice; converts proteoses and peptones into amino acids.
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Streptokinase:
- Purified from β-hemolytic streptococci; converts plasminogen to plasmin.
- Used for treating blood clots and various thrombosis conditions.
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Urokinase:
- Utilized for treating blood clots within the cardiovascular system.
Oxidizing Enzymes
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Enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions, notably peroxidases and oxidases.
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Peroxidase:
- Common in plants; breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and causes fruit discoloration.
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Thrombin (Coagulation Factor II):
- Regulates blood coagulation; converts fibrinogen to fibrin for clot formation.
Carbohydrase/Amyloytic Enzymes
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Enzymes that convert carbohydrates into simple sugars, produced in the pancreas, salivary glands, and small intestine.
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Amylase:
- Found in salivary glands; digests pre-cooked foods.
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Amylopsin:
- Completes starch digestion started by salivary amylase.
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Invertase/Sucrase:
- Found in yeast; hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose.
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Zymase:
- Enzyme complex facilitating glycolysis; also used as pancrelipase drug.
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Cellulase:
- Used in coffee liquid concentrate preparation.
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Hyaluronidase:
- Breaks down hyaluronic acid; aids diffusion in subcutaneous infusions; essential in filler injection recovery.
Esterases
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Enzymes that hydrolyze ester groups from various substrates.
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Lipase:
- Hydrolyzes fats into glycerin and fatty acids; important in cheese flavor production.
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Pectase:
- Present in ripening fruits; converts pectin into a soluble form.
Other Notable Enzymes
-
Collagenase:
- Breaks down collagen; treats severe burns and skin ulcers.
-
L-Asparaginase:
- Used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia; decreases acrylamide in food.
-
Lipoxygenase:
- Used in bread production for flour whitening and dough handling improvement.
Current Applications of Enzymes
- Enzymes used in brewing, baking, and cheese production, evolving with new applications in various industries.
- Frequently added to detergents for stain removal, and used in laboratory and medical diagnostics.
Main Applications in Medicine
- Analytical Tests: Enzymes used for blood sugar monitoring and liver disease diagnosis.
- Therapeutic Use: Enzymes address deficiencies and are used to prevent blood clot formation in patients.
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Description
This quiz explores the vital roles of enzymes in various industries and focuses on proteolytic enzymes and their applications. Learn about examples such as pepsin, bromelain, and papain, and discover how they function in digestion, inflammation reduction, and meat tenderization.
