Enzymes Lesson 10

Questions and Answers

Proteolytic enzymes, also known as ______, are responsible for breaking down proteins.

proteases

Pepsin is a protease that aids in gastric digestion and is found in ______.

gastric juice

Alcalase is used as an additive to remove ______ stains.

protein

Bromelains, derived from the juice of ______ comosus, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties.

ananas Signup and view all the answers

Papain is an enzyme found in raw ______ fruit, which helps in breaking down proteins.

papaya Signup and view all the answers

Chymopapain is obtained from the fruit of ______ papaya.

carica Signup and view all the answers

Proteolytic enzymes can help with digestion and may assist in reducing ______ and pain.

swelling Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes like papain can act as ______ for chill-proof beer.

stabilizers Signup and view all the answers

Pepsinogen is the proenzyme of ______ which gets activated by HCl.

pepsin Signup and view all the answers

One of the digestive enzymes responsible for the digestion of fat is called ______.

lipase Signup and view all the answers

______ is used as a laboratory reagent for converting urea to ammonia.

urease Signup and view all the answers

Collagenase is used to treat severe burns or skin ______ in adults.

ulcers Signup and view all the answers

L-asparaginase is used to treat acute lymphoblastic ______.

leukemia Signup and view all the answers

______ is used in commercial food production for whitening bread and improving dough handling.

lipoxygenase Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes are routinely added to detergents to help remove ______ from fabrics.

stains Signup and view all the answers

ZYMASE is an enzyme complex that catalyzes glycolysis, the fermentation of sugar into ______ and carbon dioxide.

ethanol Signup and view all the answers

EMULSIN contains glycosidases active on beta stereoisomers such as ______ or cellobiose.

amygdalin Signup and view all the answers

MYROSIN is an enzyme occurring in plants of the mustard family that hydrolyzes the glucoside ______.

sinigrin Signup and view all the answers

AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE is used for the production of ______ from starch.

dextrose Signup and view all the answers

Cellulase is involved in the preparation of coffee liquid ______.

concentrate Signup and view all the answers

Lactase prevents lactose ______ in ice cream.

crystals Signup and view all the answers

PECTINASE is used in fruit juices and wines by enzymatically breaking down the cell ______.

wall Signup and view all the answers

HYALURONIDASE is a mucolytic enzyme that promotes ______ and hastens absorption of subcutaneous infusions.

diffusion Signup and view all the answers

LIPASE hydrolyzes fats into glycerin and ______ acids.

fatty Signup and view all the answers

PECTASE is involved in transforming pectin into a more ______ form.

soluble Signup and view all the answers

The two most common types of oxidative enzymes are peroxidases and ______.

oxidases Signup and view all the answers

Peroxidases are widely distributed in ______.

plants Signup and view all the answers

Thrombin is also known as ______ Factor II.

Coagulation Signup and view all the answers

Carbohydrases catalyze reactions that convert carbohydrates into ______.

simple sugars Signup and view all the answers

Amylase is also referred to as salivary diastase or ______.

ptyalin Signup and view all the answers

Amylopsin is found in the digestive tract of animals and is also called ______ diastase.

animal Signup and view all the answers

Invertase is found in yeast and aids in the hydrolysis of sucrose into ______.

glucose and fructose Signup and view all the answers

A major function of thrombin is to convert fibrinogen to ______.

fibrin Signup and view all the answers

Amylase can convert 50 times its weight of potato starch into ______.

sugars Signup and view all the answers

Carbohydrases are produced in the pancreas, salivary glands, and ______.

small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Chymopapain is injected into the nucleus pulposus to hydrolyze the noncollagenous polypeptides or proteins that maintain the tertiary structure of the ______.

chondromucoprotein Signup and view all the answers

Chymopapain relieves lower back pain by lessening osmotic activity and decreasing fluid absorption, which reduces intradiscal ______.

pressure Signup and view all the answers

Trypsin is an enzyme that aids with ______.

digestion Signup and view all the answers

Renin is a coagulating enzyme present in the mucous membrane of the stomach that curdles milk by transforming ______ into insoluble casein.

caseinogen Signup and view all the answers

Erepsin found in the intestinal juice converts proteoses and peptones into ______.

amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Streptokinase acts to convert plasminogen to ______, which degrades fibrin clots.

plasmin Signup and view all the answers

Urokinase is used for the treatment of ______ within the cardiovascular system.

blood clots Signup and view all the answers

Fibrinolysin is used for the treatment of pulmonary ______, excluding thrombi of the coronary and cerebral arteries.

embolism Signup and view all the answers

Oxidizing enzymes catalyze an ______ reaction.

oxidation Signup and view all the answers

Sutilains from bacillus subtilis are used for wound ______ and digest soft necrotic tissue composed primarily of denatured collagen.

debridement Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Enzymes: Types and Applications

Enzymes are biological catalysts produced by various organisms, crucial for numerous biochemical processes.

Proteolytic Enzymes (Proteases)

Break down proteins; sourced from animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.
Assist with digestion, reduce inflammation, and promote tissue repair.

Examples of Proteolytic Enzymes

Pepsin:
- Source: Stomach of hogs (Sus scrofa).
- Function: Digests proteins in gastric juice, activating in acidic environments.
Alcalase:
- An alkaline protease used to remove protein stains.
- Produces protein hydrolysates with improved characteristics.
Bromelains:
- Derived from pineapple juice; tenderizes meat and reduces inflammation.
Papain:
- Found in raw papaya; aids in wound healing and skin renewal.
Chymopapain:
- Extracted from green papaya; used for treating lumbar disc herniation.
Trypsin:
- A digestive enzyme found in the small intestine, often sourced from livestock.
Sutilains:
- Derived from Bacillus subtilis; used for wound debridement.
Rennin:
- Coagulates milk, essential for cheese production.
Erepsin:
- Converts proteoses and peptones into amino acids in the intestine.
Streptokinase:
- Treats blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin.
Urokinase and Fibrinolysin:
- Fibrinolysin specifically treats clots, excluding coronary and cerebral arteries.

Oxidizing Enzymes

Catalyze oxidation reactions, essential for ATP production.

Examples of Oxidizing Enzymes

Peroxidase:
- Breaks down hydrogen peroxide, aiding in fruit discoloration.
Thrombin:
- Coagulation factor II, converts fibrinogen into fibrin for clot formation.

Carbohydrase (Amylolytic) Enzymes

Catalyze reactions converting carbohydrates to simple sugars.

Examples of Carbohydrase Enzymes

Amylase:
- Digestive enzyme found in saliva, aids in starch breakdown.
Invertase (Sucrase):
- Hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose; used in candy production.
Zymase:
- Catalyzes sugar fermentation into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Myrosin:
- Hydrolyzes glucosides in mustard plants; serves as a natural pesticide.
Cellulase:
- Involved in coffee concentrate preparation.
Lactase:
- Prevents lactose crystallization in ice cream.
Pectinase:
- Used in extracting fruit juices and wines.

Esterases

Hydrolyze ester groups, releasing esterified acids.

Examples of Esterases

Lipase:
- Breaks down fats into glycerin and fatty acids, enhancing cheese flavor.
Pectase:
- Converts pectin into a soluble form in ripening fruits.

Other Notable Enzymes

Collagenase:
- Breaks down collagen, used in treating severe burns and skin ulcers.
L-Asparaginase:
- Treats acute lymphoblastic leukemia; reduces acrylamide in food processing.
Lipoxygenase:
- Used in bread-making for flour bleaching and dough handling improvements.

Enzyme Applications

Used in brewing, baking, cheese production, and detergent formulations for stain removal.
Enzymes in medicine help in diagnostic tests and the treatment of enzyme deficiencies, such as blood coagulation disorders. They are critical in therapeutic applications for conditions like inherited enzyme deficiencies.

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Description

This quiz covers the different types of enzymes, focusing on their sources and uses in commercial, pharmaceutical, and medicinal applications. Learn about proteolytic enzymes and their role in breaking down proteins for digestion and other purposes.