Podcast
Questions and Answers
What event initiates Meiosis II in the oocyte?
What event initiates Meiosis II in the oocyte?
- Appearance of the stigma
- Increase in Prostaglandin levels
- LH surge (correct)
- Ovulation
What is the role of collagenase activity in the ovary during ovulation?
What is the role of collagenase activity in the ovary during ovulation?
- Affects collagen fibers surrounding the follicle (correct)
- Promotes granulosa cell growth
- Stimulates LH production
- Prevents ovulation
What is the function of the avascular spot called the stigma?
What is the function of the avascular spot called the stigma?
- Granulosa cell formation
- Inducing muscular contractions
- Identifying the site of ovulation (correct)
- LH production
Which hormone increases in response to the LH surge during ovulation?
Which hormone increases in response to the LH surge during ovulation?
What role do local muscular contractions play in the process of ovulation?
What role do local muscular contractions play in the process of ovulation?
What is the purpose of the zona pellucida during fertilization?
What is the purpose of the zona pellucida during fertilization?
How many spermatozoa reach the site of fertilization out of the 200 to 300 million deposited in the female genital tract?
How many spermatozoa reach the site of fertilization out of the 200 to 300 million deposited in the female genital tract?
What does the penetration of the corona radiata by spermatozoa involve?
What does the penetration of the corona radiata by spermatozoa involve?
At what phase does the release of lysosomal enzymes from cortical granules occur?
At what phase does the release of lysosomal enzymes from cortical granules occur?
What is the main function of the zona reaction in fertilization?
What is the main function of the zona reaction in fertilization?
What is the function of the yellowish luteal cells in the ovary during the early stages of pregnancy?
What is the function of the yellowish luteal cells in the ovary during the early stages of pregnancy?
What happens if the corpus luteum of pregnancy is removed before the fourth month?
What happens if the corpus luteum of pregnancy is removed before the fourth month?
What is the main role of fimbriae in relation to the ovary and uterine tube?
What is the main role of fimbriae in relation to the ovary and uterine tube?
What is the significance of the zona pellucida during fertilization?
What is the significance of the zona pellucida during fertilization?
What is the purpose of the acrosome in sperm during fertilization?
What is the purpose of the acrosome in sperm during fertilization?
What is the term used for one of the daughter cells that receives hardly any cytoplasm?
What is the term used for one of the daughter cells that receives hardly any cytoplasm?
Which cellular component carries the activating factor in the egg during fertilization?
Which cellular component carries the activating factor in the egg during fertilization?
What event marks the initial cellular and molecular events associated with early embryogenesis?
What event marks the initial cellular and molecular events associated with early embryogenesis?
What is the term used for the vesicular nucleus where the chromosomes of the definitive oocyte arrange themselves?
What is the term used for the vesicular nucleus where the chromosomes of the definitive oocyte arrange themselves?
What is the consequence if each pronucleus in the two-cell zygote does not replicate its DNA?
What is the consequence if each pronucleus in the two-cell zygote does not replicate its DNA?
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
What is the process by which male and female gametes fuse known as?
What is the process by which male and female gametes fuse known as?
How long can sperm remain viable in the female reproductive tract?
How long can sperm remain viable in the female reproductive tract?
What is the widest part of the uterine tube where fertilization usually occurs?
What is the widest part of the uterine tube where fertilization usually occurs?
What can happen to sperm after reaching the isthmus?
What can happen to sperm after reaching the isthmus?
What stimulates sperm to become motile again at ovulation?
What stimulates sperm to become motile again at ovulation?
What part of the female reproductive system do only 1% of sperm deposited in the vagina enter?
What part of the female reproductive system do only 1% of sperm deposited in the vagina enter?
What is the phase where chromosomes become arranged on the spindle, split longitudinally, and move to opposite poles called?
What is the phase where chromosomes become arranged on the spindle, split longitudinally, and move to opposite poles called?
What is the final result of fertilization?
What is the final result of fertilization?
What is the term for the process by which male and female pronuclei fuse?
What is the term for the process by which male and female pronuclei fuse?
What is the phase in which the plasma membrane of the sperm and egg fuse?
What is the phase in which the plasma membrane of the sperm and egg fuse?
What happens to the zona pellucida after the oocyte releases cortical granules?
What happens to the zona pellucida after the oocyte releases cortical granules?
What is the fate of the plasma membrane covering the acrosomal head cap after the acrosome reaction?
What is the fate of the plasma membrane covering the acrosomal head cap after the acrosome reaction?
What is the role of integrins on the oocyte during fertilization?
What is the role of integrins on the oocyte during fertilization?
Which enzyme-containing granules contribute to making the oocyte membrane impenetrable to other spermatozoa?
Which enzyme-containing granules contribute to making the oocyte membrane impenetrable to other spermatozoa?
Study Notes
Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization
- After ovulation, the oocyte is released from the ovary and travels through the oviduct, guided by fimbriae.
- The oocyte is surrounded by corona radiata cells and zona pellucida, which facilitate and maintain sperm binding and induce the acrosome reaction.
- Capacitated sperm penetrate the corona radiata, and one sperm fertilizes the egg.
Pronuclei Formation and Fusion
- The fertilized oocyte receives hardly any cytoplasm, and one daughter cell becomes the second polar body; the other daughter cell is the definitive oocyte.
- Chromosomes of the oocyte (22 + X) arrange themselves in a vesicular nucleus, the female pronucleus.
- The spermatozoon moves forward and its nucleus swells to form the male pronucleus.
- The male and female pronuclei come into close contact, lose their nuclear envelopes, and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitotic division.
Phases of Fertilization
- Phase 1: Penetration of the corona radiata by the spermatozoon.
- Phase 2: Penetration of the zona pellucida by the spermatozoon, facilitated by the acrosome reaction.
- Phase 3: Fusion of the sperm and oocyte cell membranes, allowing the sperm nucleus to enter the oocyte cytoplasm.
Corpus Luteum and Hormone Regulation
- If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum shrinks, and progesterone production decreases, leading to menstrual bleeding.
- If the oocyte is fertilized, human chorionic gonadotropin prevents corpus luteum degeneration, and progesterone production continues, maintaining pregnancy.
Early Embryonic Development
- The fertilized oocyte begins dividing, and the zygote forms a two-cell stage.
- The developing embryo travels through the oviduct and reaches the uterine lumen in approximately 3-4 days.
Corpus Albicans and Luteolysis
- After ovulation, the corpus luteum develops from the ruptured follicle.
- If the oocyte is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates (luteolysis), and progesterone production decreases.
- Luteolysis leads to the formation of the corpus albicans, a mass of fibrotic scar tissue.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the ovarian structure and the role of luteal cells in secreting progesterone during pregnancy. Questions may include the relation between fim briae and ovary, corpus luteum removal, and pregnancy maintenance.
