Ovarian Structure and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which structure is described as the functional part of the ovary?

Medulla

Cortex (correct)

Germinal epithelium

Stroma

What composition does the tunica albuginea have?

Cuboidal epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Layer of cortical tubules

Irregular dense fibrous connective tissue (correct)

In which species is the ovary described as bean-shaped due to the presence of the ovulation fossa?

Queen

Mare (correct)

Bitch

Sow

Which type of cells in the stroma of the ovary may continue with the germinal epithelium in bitches?

Polyhedral interstitial cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the structure indicating the site of ovulation in the mare's ovary?

Ovarian fossa (C) Signup and view all the answers

The ovarian follicles decrease in number as the animal ages. What does this indicate?

Increase in atresia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium primarily covers the surface of the ovary in mature animals?

Simple squamous epithelium (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the parenchyma of the ovary?

Fascia abdominis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the estrous uterus?

Thick endometrium with highly developed glands (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does maximum secretory activity of epithelial and glandular cells occur if fertilization happens?

Diestrus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lamina propria during metestrus?

Disappearance of edema (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the vaginal wall characteristics differ during estrus?

Increased amounts of mucus secretion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the uterus during the diestrus phase if there is no fertilization?

Glands become inactive (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which portion of the vagina has prominent circular folds in cows?

T.mucosa (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the endometrium during anestrus?

Simple cuboidal (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the lamina propria during the estrus phase?

Congested and hemorrhagic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What cellular change occurs in the vagina during proestrus in bitches?

Superficial layer becomes cornified with pyknotic nuclei (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the vaginal cytology during diestrus?

Many noncornified round to oval epithelial cells (A), Abundant neutrophils are present (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the estrus stage of the estrous cycle?

Epithelial cells are without nuclei (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the estrous cycle follows proestrus in the bitch?

Estrus (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the vagina is T.serosa present?

Cranial portion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to leukocytes during proestrus in bitches?

They are absent by mid-proestrus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage of the estrous cycle in the bitch?

Metestrus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of vaginal cytology in veterinary practice?

To determine the estrous cycle stages (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the membrana granulosa in ovarian structure?

It assists in the nourishment of the oocyte. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the estrous cycle is characterized by the maximum development of the corpus luteum?

Diestrus (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the vascular structure in the medulla of the ovary support its function?

By supplying the ovarian cortex with nutrients through a plexus. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the primary oocyte after ovulation during the estrus phase?

It divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur at the end of diestrus?

It undergoes involution and forms the corpus albicans. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the growth of primordial follicles during proestrus?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the excretory or genital ducts in the female reproductive system?

To transport the ovum from the ovary to the outside. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes the medulla of the ovary from the cortex?

It is vascular and contains large blood vessels. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant cell type in smears during anestrus?

Parabasal and intermediate cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is part of the female external genitalia?

Vulva (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of the vestibular region is true for cows, ewes, and queens?

Their major vestibular glands are compound tubuloalveolar mucous glands. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is absent from the vestibular mucosa?

Mucous membranes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the presence of early diestrus in smears?

Presence of erythrocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of the tissue layers in the vestibule?

Presence of inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about bacteria in anestrus is accurate?

Bacteria may be found but are less abundant than in estrus. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is primarily found in the lamina propria of the vestibule?

Loose connective tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is primarily found in the lining of the vagina according to the provided content?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sperm-host glands mentioned in the content?

They store sperms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the muscularis layer of the vagina as described in the content?

Very thick inner circular and thin outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration for which sperms can remain functional in the sperm-host glands?

21 days (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue is found in the lamina propria (LP) of the vagina according to the content?

Loose connective tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What replaces the serosa in the caudal portion of the vagina?

Adventitia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure corresponds to the external genitalia of mammals as described in the content?

Cloca (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is described as typical in the submucosa of the vagina?

Submucosa (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system includes ovaries, uterine tubes (oviducts), uterus, cervix, vagina, vestibule, vulva, and associated glands. It's involved in ova production, fertilization, and pregnancy accommodation.
Objectives include recalling and naming organs, identifying associated structures histologically, comparing organs across species (mammalian and avian), and relating structures to their functions.

Organs and Functions

Ovaries: Responsible for female gamete (ova) development and maturation. They also act as endocrine glands secreting hormones like estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and androgens. A corpus luteum forms in the ovary during certain stages of the reproductive cycle and pregnancy, producing hormones. In some species, the shape of ovaries can vary (e.g., bean-shaped in mares).
Uterine Tubes: Transport ova and sperm (for fertilization), forming the zygote and initiating embryo development. This process occurs within the distal part of the uterine tubes.
Uterus: Houses the developing embryo/fetus, allowing its implantation and nurturing development, and formation of the placenta. The uterine lining's modifications during pregnancy are species-specific.
Cervix: Acts as a part of the birth canal. The structure and secretions of the cervix can change based on the stage of the reproductive cycle.
Vagina, Vestibule and Vulva: Together form the birth canal and the copulatory organs. They undergo changes in structure that are noticeable in sexually mature organisms and noticeable in the ovarian parenchyma and uterine mucosa.

Ovarian Follicles

The ovary comprises follicles in various developmental stages (primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary), impacting the reproductive cycle.
Different follicles reflect varying stages of development and secretory activity.
Primordial follicles are the most numerous and contain oocytes at an early stage.
Primary follicles become evident at puberty, while more advanced follicles (secondary and tertiary) emerge as the organism matures.
Mature follicles expand to have an antrum filled with follicular fluid which supports the oocyte to prepare for ovulation.
Post-ovulatory follicles remain, which form the corpus luteum (in some species) to support pregnancy.

Corpus Luteum and Corpus Albicans

The corpus luteum forms after ovulation and produces hormones vital to maintaining pregnancy (progesterone).
If pregnancy doesn't occur, the corpus luteum regresses, often to become the corpus albicans.
Each stage has characteristic tissue structure and function in the ovary that varies based on species.

Uterine Tubes (Oviducts)

The fallopian tubes consist of four regions: infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitials.
The fimbriae, finger-like projections of the infundibulum, help guide ova into the tubes and promote transport.
The mucosa of the tubes can have folds and, in some, have ciliated cells aiding the transit of both ovum and sperm.
The tubes have smooth muscle structures to support the passage of cellular components and provide propulsion to the uterine cavity.

Uterus and Cervix

The uterine wall is composed of three layers (innermost: endometrium, middle: myometrium, and outer: perimetrium) to support the developing fetus, placenta, and pregnancy.
The cervix has a specific structure (usually with mucus-secreting glands). The cervix's structure and secretions change across the reproductive cycle, e.g., formation of cervical "plugs" during pregnancy.
Species exhibit variations and changes in cellular and tissue types throughout the female reproductive cycle.
The uterine wall layers exhibit distinct characteristics and functions according to the species and the stage of reproductive cycle.

Vagina

Primarily involved in the birth canal as well as sexual intercourse, the vagina has a stratified squamous epithelium, which provides protection against abrasion.
The vagina is structurally similar to the end of the fallopian tubes, in that it contains smooth muscle layers surrounding a non-vascular layer.
Changes in cells and overall structure of the vagina are noticeable during the reproductive cycle, reflecting hormonal influence.
The vaginal epithelium contains varied cell types and thicknesses depending on the species and the stage of estrus.

Cyclic Changes in the Ovary

The ovary goes through cyclic changes. These changes are in direct correlation with proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus, and anestrus stages of the estrus cycle.
Cyclic changes influence hormonal regulation and support of the reproductive system.

Vaginal Cytology

Vaginal cytology is a method of diagnosing the estrous stages in animals (like dogs or cats).
A detailed study of cell types in the vagina provides information on the reproductive condition.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the ovary with this quiz. Covering the functional aspects, histology, and reproductive characteristics, it's a great way to reinforce your understanding of ovarian structures. Perfect for students studying veterinary science or animal biology.