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Questions and Answers
During which phase of the uterine cycle does ovulation occur?
What triggers the shedding of the uterine lining during menses?
Which hormone is responsible for the development of new follicles in the proliferative phase?
What happens in the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
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If fertilization of the egg doesn't occur, what causes the breakdown of the uterine lining resulting in menstruation?
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Which phase of the uterine cycle coincides with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
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What hormone causes the multiple ovarian follicles to develop during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
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On which day of the ovarian cycle does ovulation occur?
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What causes the corpus luteum to degenerate by apoptosis if fertilization does not occur?
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During which phase of the ovarian cycle does the dominant follicle push out against the ovary and other follicles degenerate and die off?
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What type of cells transform into the corpus luteum after ovulation?
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Which hormone produced by the granulosa cells lowers FSH levels in the ovarian cycle?
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Study Notes
Uterine Cycle
- The uterine cycle is part of the menstrual cycle, which lasts around 28 days, but can vary from person to person.
- The cycle can be divided into three phases: menses, proliferative, and secretory.
- Menses (days 1-7) is the breakdown and shedding of the uterine lining due to the drop in estrogen and progesterone levels.
- The proliferative phase (days 7-14) is characterized by an increase in estrogen, triggering a surge of LH and FSH, leading to ovulation.
- Ovulation occurs on day 14, and the follicle that contained the egg becomes the corpus luteum, producing estrogen and progesterone.
Proliferative Phase
- Estrogen increase triggers a surge of LH and FSH, causing ovulation of the secondary oocyte (ovum).
- Without the oocyte, the follicle becomes the corpus luteum, producing estrogen and progesterone.
Secretory Phase
- The increase of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum causes the uterine lining to build up in preparation for implantation.
- If fertilization doesn't occur between days 14-20, the corpus luteum breaks down, leading to a decrease in progesterone and estrogen, and eventually menstruation.
Ovarian Cycle
- The ovarian cycle is part of the menstrual cycle, lasting around 28 days, but can vary from person to person.
- The cycle is divided into two phases: follicular and luteal.
- The follicular phase (days 1-14) is characterized by the development of multiple ovarian follicles and the growth of granulosa cells.
- The granulosa cells produce estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin, causing a rise in hormone levels in the blood.
Follicular Phase
- FSH release by the pituitary gland causes multiple ovarian follicles to develop.
- Granulosa cells grow and produce hormones, causing a surge in LH.
- The dominant follicle will start to push out against the ovary, and the other follicles will degenerate and die off (atresia).
- Ovulation occurs on day 14, when the enzymes within the follicle break down the ovary wall.
Luteal Phase
- After ovulation, the follicle that contained the egg collapses and transforms into the corpus luteum.
- The corpus luteum produces estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin, which lowers FSH levels.
- If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum continues to produce hormones, maintaining the uterine wall.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the ovarian cycle, a key part of the menstrual cycle in women. Learn about the two main stages, follicular and luteal, and the important events that occur in each stage. Test your knowledge on the changes in the ovaries during this cycle.
