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Questions and Answers
What is the primary hormone secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation?
What is the primary hormone secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation?
- Estradiol
- Progesterone (correct)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
In polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), what hormonal imbalance is typically observed?
In polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), what hormonal imbalance is typically observed?
- Increased FSH and low LH
- Low FSH and high LH (correct)
- Decreased progesterone and increased estradiol
- Equal levels of FSH and LH
What leads to the transformation of a residual follicle into a corpus luteum?
What leads to the transformation of a residual follicle into a corpus luteum?
- A decrease in estradiol levels
- A decrease in theca cell activity
- A surge in FSH levels
- A surge in LH levels (correct)
What major complication is associated with high levels of circulating estrone in PCOD?
What major complication is associated with high levels of circulating estrone in PCOD?
Which of the following best describes the classic presentation of a patient with PCOD?
Which of the following best describes the classic presentation of a patient with PCOD?
Flashcards
What is a follicle?
What is a follicle?
The functional unit of the ovary, containing an oocyte surrounded by supporting cells.
What hormone does LH act on?
What hormone does LH act on?
Hormone that acts on theca cells to stimulate androgen production.
What hormone does FSH act on?
What hormone does FSH act on?
Hormone that stimulates granulosa cells, converting androgen to estradiol.
What is Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)?
What is Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)?
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What is the main hormone secreted by the corpus luteum?
What is the main hormone secreted by the corpus luteum?
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Study Notes
Ovarian Function
- The basic unit of the ovary is the follicle.
- Follicles contain an oocyte surrounded by granulosa and theca cells.
- LH stimulates theca cells to produce androgens.
- FSH stimulates granulosa cells to convert androgens to estradiol.
- Estradiol triggers an LH surge, leading to ovulation.
- Ovulation marks the beginning of the secretory phase.
- After ovulation, the remaining follicle becomes a corpus luteum.
- The corpus luteum primarily secretes progesterone, which prepares the endometrium for pregnancy.
- Hemorrhage into the corpus luteum can form a hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst, especially during early pregnancy.
- Small numbers of follicular cysts are common, having no significant clinical impact.
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)
- PCOD: Multiple ovarian cysts caused by hormonal imbalances.
- Affects approximately 5% of reproductive-aged women.
- Characterized by high LH and low FSH (LH:FSH > 2).
- High LH triggers excess androgen production (from theca cells).
- This leads to hirsutism (excess hair in a male pattern).
- Androgens are converted to estrone in adipose tissue.
- High estrone levels decrease FSH and may cause cystic degeneration of follicles.
- High estrone also increases the risk of endometrial cancer.
- Classic symptoms: obese young women, infertility, oligomenorrhea, and hirsutism.
- Some patients with PCOD have insulin resistance, potentially developing type 2 diabetes later (10-15 years).
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of ovarian function, including the role of follicles, hormones like LH and FSH, and the significance of the corpus luteum. It also explores Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), its prevalence, and hormonal imbalances associated with it. Test your knowledge on these critical topics related to female reproductive health.
