Hypogonadism Quiz and Flashcards: Ovarian Function and Menstrual History

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Questions and Answers

What is the arbitrary age defined for premature ovarian failure?

Below 30 years old

Below 35 years old

Below 40 years old (correct)

Below 45 years old

Which condition can result in endometrial adhesions that prevent endometrial proliferation and shedding?

Premature ovarian failure

Endometrial hypoplasia

Uterine curettage (correct)

Delayed puberty

What does the term 'secondary amenorrhoea' refer to?

Cessation of menstruation in a female who has never had periods

Persistent menstruation despite health issues

Excessive bleeding during menstruation

Cessation of menstruation in a female who previously had periods (correct)

What is the potential consequence of anatomical defects of the female reproductive system such as endometrial hypoplasia or vaginal agenesis?

Primary amenorrhoea Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of functional gonadotrophin deficiency?

Chronic systemic illness Signup and view all the answers

What is the most useful 'test' of ovarian function as mentioned in the text?

Careful menstrual history Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to confirm ovulation according to the text?

Measurement of plasma progesterone levels during the luteal phase Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oestrogen and inhibin secretion before menopause, according to the text?

They fall Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the climacteric according to the text?

Gradual increase in the number of anovulatory cycles Signup and view all the answers

When does cessation of menstruation (the menopause) typically occur in high-income countries according to the text?

At an average age of approximately 50 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended age for continuing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in patients with premature menopause?

Up to 50 years Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical features of both hypo- and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, as mentioned in the text?

Loss of libido, lethargy, gynaecomastia Signup and view all the answers

In older men, what is associated with low or inappropriately normal range gonadotrophin levels?

Reduction in testosterone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the postulated mechanisms for mild hypogonadism occurring in older men?

Reduction in sex hormone-binding globulin by insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is confirmed to diagnose male hypogonadism?

Low fasting 0900-hr serum testosterone level Signup and view all the answers

What may be measured in older men as part of an assessment of erectile dysfunction and lack of libido?

Testosterone levels Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reproductive Endocrinology

Premature ovarian failure is arbitrarily defined as occurring before the age of 40.
Endometrial adhesions can result in endometrial proliferation and shedding, leading to conditions such as Asherman's syndrome.
Secondary amenorrhoea refers to the cessation of menstruation in a woman who has previously menstruated.
Anatomical defects of the female reproductive system, such as endometrial hypoplasia or vaginal agenesis, can result in infertility.
Functional gonadotrophin deficiency can lead to hypogonadism.
The most useful test of ovarian function is the measurement of basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.
Ovulation can be confirmed by measuring the mid-luteal progesterone level.
Before menopause, oestrogen and inhibin secretion decrease.
The climacteric refers to the transition period during which a woman passes from the reproductive to the non-reproductive phase.
In high-income countries, cessation of menstruation (menopause) typically occurs around the age of 51.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is recommended to be continued until the age of 55 in patients with premature menopause.
Hypo- and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism are characterized by similar clinical features, including infertility, erectile dysfunction, and lack of libido.
In older men, low or inappropriately normal range gonadotrophin levels are associated with androgen deficiency.
One postulated mechanism for mild hypogonadism in older men is the age-related decline in GnRH pulse frequency.
Diagnosis of male hypogonadism is confirmed by measuring morning testosterone levels on two separate occasions.
In older men, measurement of morning testosterone levels may be part of an assessment of erectile dysfunction and lack of libido.

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Description

Test your knowledge of ovarian function, menstrual history, and hormonal levels in pre-menopausal women with this quiz. Explore topics such as the measurement of gonadotrophins, oestrogen, and progesterone levels during the luteal phase.

Ovarian Function and Menstrual History