Ovarian Function and PCOD Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of FSH in the ovarian cycle?

  • It stimulates granulosa cells to convert androgens to estradiol. (correct)
  • It promotes the development of corpus luteum post-ovulation.
  • It induces the production of androgens from theca cells.
  • It triggers the LH surge that leads to ovulation.

    • How does increased LH production relate to hirsutism in women with PCOD?

  • Increased LH results in higher estrone levels, which decrease FSH. (correct)
  • Increased LH stimulates the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.
  • Increased LH leads to decreased androgen production.
  • Increased LH causes weight loss, thereby reducing hirsutism.

    • What is a common consequence of the degeneration of follicles in the ovaries?

  • Cystic degeneration of residual corpus luteum.
  • Formation of hemorrhagic corpus luteal cysts.
  • Formation of small follicular cysts which are clinically significant.
  • Development of multiple ovarian follicular cysts. (correct)

    • What is a primary function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

    <p>Secretion of progesterone to prepare the endometrium for potential pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best characterizes the hormone levels in a woman with PCOD?

    <p>High LH and low FSH with an LH:FSH ratio greater than 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ovarian Function

    • The ovary's functional unit is the follicle.
    • Follicles consist of an oocyte surrounded by granulosa and theca cells.
    • Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates theca cells to produce androgens.
    • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates granulosa cells to convert androgens to estradiol, which drives the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle.
    • An estradiol surge triggers an LH surge, leading to ovulation and marking the beginning of the secretory phase.
    • After ovulation, the residual follicle transforms into a corpus luteum.
    • The corpus luteum primarily produces progesterone, driving the secretory phase, which prepares the endometrium for pregnancy.
    • Hemorrhage into the corpus luteum can cause hemorrhagic cysts, frequently in early pregnancy.
    • Small numbers of follicular cysts are common, generally without significant clinical implications.

    Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)

    • PCOD is caused by hormonal imbalances and involves multiple ovarian cysts.
    • It affects approximately 5% of women of reproductive age.
    • PCOD is characterized by high LH and low FSH levels (LH:FSH ratio > 2).
    • Elevated LH stimulates theca cells to produce excessive androgens, leading to hirsutism (excess hair growth in a male pattern).
    • Androgens are converted to estrone in adipose tissue.
    • Estrone feedback decreases FSH, potentially contributing to follicular cyst formation.
    • High estrone levels may increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
    • Common characteristics include obesity, infertility, irregular periods (oligomenorrhea), and hirsutism.
    • Some women with PCOD develop insulin resistance and may later develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (10-15 years later).

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    Ovary Pathophysiology PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate functions of the ovaries, highlighting the role of follicles, hormones like LH and FSH, and the transformation post-ovulation. Additionally, learn about Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), its causes, and effects on ovarian health. This quiz provides insights into reproductive physiology and hormonal regulation.

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