Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the role of FSH in the ovarian cycle?
What is the role of FSH in the ovarian cycle?
- It stimulates granulosa cells to convert androgens to estradiol. (correct)
- It promotes the development of corpus luteum post-ovulation.
- It induces the production of androgens from theca cells.
- It triggers the LH surge that leads to ovulation.
How does increased LH production relate to hirsutism in women with PCOD?
How does increased LH production relate to hirsutism in women with PCOD?
- Increased LH results in higher estrone levels, which decrease FSH. (correct)
- Increased LH stimulates the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.
- Increased LH leads to decreased androgen production.
- Increased LH causes weight loss, thereby reducing hirsutism.
What is a common consequence of the degeneration of follicles in the ovaries?
What is a common consequence of the degeneration of follicles in the ovaries?
- Cystic degeneration of residual corpus luteum.
- Formation of hemorrhagic corpus luteal cysts.
- Formation of small follicular cysts which are clinically significant.
- Development of multiple ovarian follicular cysts. (correct)
What is a primary function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?
What is a primary function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?
Which statement best characterizes the hormone levels in a woman with PCOD?
Which statement best characterizes the hormone levels in a woman with PCOD?
Flashcards
What is a follicle?
What is a follicle?
The basic unit of the ovary, consisting of an oocyte surrounded by granulosa and theca cells.
What role do theca cells play in follicle development?
What role do theca cells play in follicle development?
Theca cells are stimulated by LH to produce androgens.
What hormone drives the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
What hormone drives the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
Estradiol, produced by granulosa cells, is responsible for the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle.
What happens to the follicle after ovulation?
What happens to the follicle after ovulation?
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Describe the hormonal imbalance in Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)?
Describe the hormonal imbalance in Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)?
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Study Notes
Ovarian Function
- The ovary's functional unit is the follicle.
- Follicles consist of an oocyte surrounded by granulosa and theca cells.
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates theca cells to produce androgens.
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates granulosa cells to convert androgens to estradiol, which drives the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle.
- An estradiol surge triggers an LH surge, leading to ovulation and marking the beginning of the secretory phase.
- After ovulation, the residual follicle transforms into a corpus luteum.
- The corpus luteum primarily produces progesterone, driving the secretory phase, which prepares the endometrium for pregnancy.
- Hemorrhage into the corpus luteum can cause hemorrhagic cysts, frequently in early pregnancy.
- Small numbers of follicular cysts are common, generally without significant clinical implications.
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)
- PCOD is caused by hormonal imbalances and involves multiple ovarian cysts.
- It affects approximately 5% of women of reproductive age.
- PCOD is characterized by high LH and low FSH levels (LH:FSH ratio > 2).
- Elevated LH stimulates theca cells to produce excessive androgens, leading to hirsutism (excess hair growth in a male pattern).
- Androgens are converted to estrone in adipose tissue.
- Estrone feedback decreases FSH, potentially contributing to follicular cyst formation.
- High estrone levels may increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
- Common characteristics include obesity, infertility, irregular periods (oligomenorrhea), and hirsutism.
- Some women with PCOD develop insulin resistance and may later develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (10-15 years later).
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Description
Explore the intricate functions of the ovaries, highlighting the role of follicles, hormones like LH and FSH, and the transformation post-ovulation. Additionally, learn about Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), its causes, and effects on ovarian health. This quiz provides insights into reproductive physiology and hormonal regulation.
