Ovarian Cycle Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of Leydig cells in male physiology?

  • Form the blood-testis barrier
  • Produce androgens like testosterone (correct)
  • Support and nourish developing sperm
  • Undergo meiosis during spermatogenesis

    • What function do Sertoli cells serve in the seminiferous tubules?

  • Produce excessive sperm
  • Facilitate blood flow in blood vessels
  • Synthesize testosterone
  • Nourish and support developing sperm (correct)

    • Which phase of spermatogenesis involves the transformation of spermatids into mature sperm?

  • Spermiogenesis (correct)
  • Spermiation
  • Spermatocytogenesis
  • Meiosis

    • What is the primary purpose of the blood-testis barrier?

    <p>Isolate developing gametes from blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for sperm to complete their maturation process?

    <p>65 – 75 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the process of spermiation in male reproductive physiology?

    <p>Loss of attachment of sperm to nurse cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are specifically responsible for phagocytizing excess spermatid cytoplasm?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogonia are best described as what type of cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Stem cells undergoing meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the accessory organs in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Secrete various fluids into the reproductive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature of the scrotum separates the right and left cavities?

    <p>Scrotal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dartos muscle function within the scrotum?

    <p>Elevates the testes and reduces heat loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does spermatogenesis occur in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Lobules of the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tunica vaginalis?

    <p>The outer serous membrane covering the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the testes not descending into the scrotum?

    <p>Cryptorchidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cremaster muscle?

    <p>Contracts to pull testes closer during arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the tunica albuginea is correct?

    <p>It extends to form lobules in the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comprises the spermatic cords?

    <p>Fascia, muscle, ducts, and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hydrocele?

    <p>Excess fluid collection around the testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the development of primary oocytes during fetal development?

    <p>Migration of primordial germ cells from the yolk sac to the ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum?

    <p>To produce hormones like progesterone and estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does oogenesis arrest during fetal development?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many oocytes are typically ovulated over a woman's reproductive lifetime?

    <p>Approximately 500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation?

    <p>Corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the monthly development of oocytes after puberty?

    <p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary change that occurs to spermatids during spermiogenesis?

    <p>Spermatids change shape from spherical to elongated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the tunica albuginea located in the ovaries?

    <p>Layer of connective tissue beneath the germinal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a Graafian follicle?

    <p>It is a large, fluid-filled follicle ready for ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do sustentacular cells play during spermiogenesis?

    <p>They dispose of excess cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the acrosome in spermatozoa?

    <p>To penetrate the ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inhibin in the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Inhibits FSH production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>It decomposes into corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for spermatids to mature into sperm?

    <p>24 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sperm during spermiation?

    <p>Sperm are released from sustentacular cell connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary arrangement of the ovarian cortex?

    <p>Houses primordial follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is capacitation in the context of sperm development?

    <p>Process enabling sperm to become motile and functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the menstrual cycle, when does a secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?

    <p>At fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the sperm contains the genetic material?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament extends from the uterus to the medial surface of the ovary?

    <p>Ovarian ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tail (flagellum) of the sperm?

    <p>To enable movement of the sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of primordial follicles at birth?

    <p>About 200,000 to 2 million exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do sperm lack most organelles?

    <p>To reduce size and mass for easier mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the head of a spermatozoon?

    <p>Houses the acrosome and the nucleus with 23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage does the formation of primary follicles occur?

    <p>Stage 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is formed by the proliferation of granulosa cells after ovulation?

    <p>Corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the transition from the follicular phase to the luteal phase?

    <p>Release of secondary oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the uterine tube is specifically involved in sweeping the secondary oocyte into the tube?

    <p>Fimbrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature serves as the pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tubes?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells secrete fluid that nourishes the ovum in the uterine tube?

    <p>Non-ciliated peg cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the stratum functionalis of the endometrium do?

    <p>Sloughs off during menstruation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for providing hormonal signals that initiate menstruation?

    <p>Spiral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The layer of smooth muscle in the uterus is referred to as the:

    <p>Myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is commonly associated with pain during pregnancy due to its attachment to the uterus?

    <p>Round ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization most commonly occur?

    <p>Ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents sperm from reaching the uterus during certain times of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Thick cervical mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is responsible for secreting estrogen during the luteal phase?

    <p>Granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the erection of the penis?

    <p>Increase in nitric oxide leading to arterial dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the emission of sperm into the prostatic urethra?

    <p>Peristaltic contractions in the ampullae of the ductus deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary causes of erectile dysfunction?

    <p>Interference with neural commands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Promotes spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high testosterone levels affect gonadotropin release?

    <p>It inhibits GnRH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) in male reproductive physiology?

    <p>It triggers testosterone secretion from Leydig cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Production of gametes and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure typically delivers the oocyte or embryo to the uterus?

    <p>Uterine tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes how testosterone functions in the body?

    <p>It is synthesized from cholesterol and is lipid-soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does testosterone have during puberty?

    <p>Promotes the maturation of male sex organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the female reproductive system?

    <p>Regulates testosterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dihydrotestosterone (DHT) primarily responsible for?

    <p>Development of external male genitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is responsible for secreting milk in females?

    <p>Mammary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process must sperm undergo to become capable of fertilization?

    <p>Capacitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure undergoes changes during spermiogenesis?

    <p>Spermatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the male reproductive tract is responsible for storing sperm until they mature?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures in the epididymis increase surface area for reabsorbing degenerated sperm?

    <p>Stereocilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary change that occurs during the maturation of sperm in the epididymis?

    <p>Cytoplasmic reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape change that a spermatid undergoes during spermiogenesis?

    <p>From spherical to elongated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of sperm develops to enable it to penetrate and fertilize an egg?

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of sperm maturation steps before they can fertilize an egg?

    <p>Spermiogenesis, capacitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in semen?

    <p>To liquefy semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the bulbo-urethral glands play in male reproduction?

    <p>Secrete thick, alkaline mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much semen is typically released per ejaculation?

    <p>2.5 to 5 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to semen within the first 5 minutes after ejaculation?

    <p>It coagulates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the liquefaction of semen after it has coagulated?

    <p>Proteolytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical normal range for sperm count in semen?

    <p>50 to 150 million/ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of citric acid in semen?

    <p>To enhance ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to semen when it enters the acidic environment of the vagina?

    <p>It coagulates and then liquefies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Sertoli cells play in sperm development?

    <p>They support and nourish developing sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the blood-testis barrier?

    <p>It isolates developing gametes from blood and prevents immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules called during meiosis?

    <p>Spermatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage marks the process when sperm detaches from Sertoli cells?

    <p>Spermiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for sperm to complete maturation, on average?

    <p>65 - 75 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the seminiferous tubules are primarily responsible for producing fluid for sperm transport?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of spermatogenesis?

    <p>Production of mature sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Produce androgens such as testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expanded distal end of the penis that surrounds the external urethral orifice called?

    <p>Glans penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the penis is fixed and attaches it to the body wall?

    <p>Root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds the penile urethra and expands at the tip of the penis?

    <p>Corpus spongiosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two cylindrical masses located on the dorsal surface of the penis called?

    <p>Corpora cavernosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neck of the glans?

    <p>Narrow section between the shaft and glans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the resting state, how does arterial blood flow into the erectile tissue behave?

    <p>It is restricted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the penis consists of two separated, tapered portions?

    <p>Crura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature prevents excess blood from entering the erectile tissues in a resting state?

    <p>Muscular partitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ejaculatory ducts in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To convey sperm into the prostatic urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate contribution of seminal glands to the total volume of semen?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is produced by the prostate gland?

    <p>Seminalplasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary histological feature of the seminal glands?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion of the urethra is primarily shared by both the reproductive and urinary systems?

    <p>Prostatic urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do prostaglandins play in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Stimulate the motility and viability of sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical relationship do the seminal vesicles have to the urinary bladder?

    <p>They are sandwiched between the bladder and the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is responsible for peristaltic contractions in the ejaculatory ducts?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of oocytes that get ovulated over a woman's reproductive lifetime?

    <p>500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the ovarian cycle does ovulation occur?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the ovary is responsible for covering it?

    <p>Germinal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation?

    <p>Corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to most germ cells before birth?

    <p>They undergo atresia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure gives rise to a secondary oocyte and a polar body during oogenesis?

    <p>Primary oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the development of primary oocytes at puberty?

    <p>Follicle stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the secondary oocyte if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>It degenerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the term atresia in the context of oogenesis?

    <p>Degeneration of oocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does oogenesis take place?

    <p>Inside a follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily produced by the corpus luteum?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of inhibin in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Inhibits FSH production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of mature (Graafian) follicles?

    <p>They are large, fluid-filled, and ready for ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ovarian Cycle

    • Nurse cells support oocyte development.
    • Secondary oocyte is released during ovulation.
    • Corpus develops following ovulation, initially as a corpus hemorrhagicum, then transforms into the corpus luteum.
    • Corpus luteum secretes estrogens and progesterone.
    • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are involved in oogenesis.
    • Negative feedback mechanisms regulate hormone levels.
    • Inhibits contractions and dilates.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the ovarian cycle with this quiz. Explore the roles of nurse cells, hormone regulation, and the development of oocytes. Understand the processes of ovulation and the functions of the corpus luteum.

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