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Ovarian Cycle and Menstrual Cycle Overview
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Ovarian Cycle and Menstrual Cycle Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the process called that occurs after the rupture of the follicle during ovulation?

  • Menstruation
  • Implantation
  • Ovulation (correct)
  • Fertilization

    • Fertilization occurs before ovulation.

    False

    What is released from the ovary during ovulation?

    egg

    After ovulation, the released egg may meet sperm in the process known as ______.

    <p>fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Ovulation = Release of the egg from the ovary Fertilization = Union of sperm and egg Implantation = Attachment of the fertilized egg to the uterus Menstruation = Shedding of the uterine lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for initiating the growth of ovarian follicles?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The corpus luteum is responsible for secreting estrogen during the post-ovulatory phase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers ovulation during the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cyclic changes in the ovaries are under the influence of ______ and ______ produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

    <p>FSH, LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phases of the ovarian cycle with their descriptions:

    <p>Pre-ovulatory phase = Hormones stimulate the growth of follicles Ovulatory phase = Surge in LH leads to ovulation Post-ovulatory phase = Corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main role of estrogen in the ovarian cycle is to prevent ovulation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for the changes during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The menstrual phase occurs only if fertilization has not taken place.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the menstrual phase?

    <p>4 to 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the secretory phase, the corpus luteum secretes ______.

    <p>progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following phases of the menstrual cycle with their correct functions:

    <p>Proliferative phase = Endometrial proliferation due to estrogen Secretory phase = Secretion of mucous from endometrial glands due to progesterone Menstrual phase = Shedding of the endometrium Ischemic phase = Degeneration of the secretory endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not take place?

    <p>It degenerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) supports the corpus luteum after fertilization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates menstruation if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Fall in estrogen and progesterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If fertilization occurs, the blastocyst implants in the ______.

    <p>endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Endometrial cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary event that marks the beginning of the pregnancy phase?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ovulation is only characterized by the release of a mature egg from the ovary.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase follows ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The release of hormones from the corpus luteum is crucial for maintaining the early stages of ______.

    <p>pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of the menstrual cycle with their characteristics:

    <p>Follicular Phase = Development of follicles in the ovary Ovulation = Release of a mature egg Luteal Phase = Preparation of the endometrium for implantation Menstrual Phase = Shedding of the uterine lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The corpus luteum secretes estrogen during the post-ovulatory phase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the anterior pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the pre-ovulatory phase, the follicles are stimulated to grow by _____ and _____.

    <p>FSH, LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following phases of the ovarian cycle with their characteristics:

    <p>Pre-ovulatory phase = Follicle growth stimulated by FSH Ovulatory phase = Release of the egg Post-ovulatory phase = Corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>It degenerates and forms scar tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the anterior pituitary gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for the changes during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proliferative phase is characterized by the dominance of progesterone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the menstrual phase?

    <p>4 to 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ phase occurs when the endometrial shedding takes place if fertilization fails.

    <p>menstrual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phases of the menstrual cycle with their primary characteristics:

    <p>Proliferative Phase = Estrogen stimulates growth of endometrial tissue Secretory Phase = Progesterone promotes secretion from endometrial glands Menstrual Phase = Shedding of the endometrium occurs Ischemic Phase = Decline in hormone levels leads to endometrial necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>It degenerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum after fertilization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of estrogen during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Stimulates proliferation of endometrial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If fertilization occurs, the ______ implants in the endometrium.

    <p>blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the menstrual cycle is directly associated with bleeding?

    <p>Menstrual Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ovarian Cycle

    • Cyclic changes occurring in the ovaries under the influence of FSH and LH hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
    • Includes follicle development, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation.

    Phases of Ovarian Cycle

    • Pre-ovulatory Phase:
      • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH.
      • FSH aids in follicular development, turning them into Graafian follicles.
      • Follicles become endocrine structures during this phase.
    • Ovulatory Phase:
      • GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release LH.
      • LH surge causes ovulation, leading to the release of the mature oocyte from the follicle.
    • Post-ovulatory Phase:
      • The ruptured follicle transforms into a corpus luteum
      • Corpus luteum secretes progesterone.

    Menstrual Cycle

    • Defined as the timeframe during which the oocyte matures, is released from the ovary, and travels to the uterine tube.
    • Ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone influence cyclic changes in the endometrium.
    • Also known as the endometrial cycle.

    Phases of Menstrual Cycle

    • Proliferative Phase:
      • Estrogen secreted by granulosa cells controls this phase.
      • Estrogen stimulates the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells, glands, and blood vessels.
    • Secretory Phase (Luteal Phase):
      • Progesterone, secreted by the corpus luteum, controls this phase.
      • Progesterone stimulates endometrial glands to secrete mucous.
    • Menstrual Phase:
      • This is the bleeding phase where endometrial shedding occurs if fertilization does not take place.
      • Typically lasts between 4 to 5 days.
      • If fertilization does not happen:
        • The corpus luteum degenerates.
        • Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease.
        • The secretory endometrium enters the ischemic phase.
        • Menstruation occurs.
    • Ischemic Phase:
      • The endometrium experiences a decline in blood supply due to low progesterone and estrogen levels ultimately resulting in shedding or menstruation.

    Fertilization

    • Occurs when the sperm fertilizes the egg in the uterine tube.
    • If fertilization occurs:
      • The zygote undergoes cleavage and forms a blastocyst.
      • HCG is secreted by the blastocyst and reaches the corpus luteum.
      • HCG maintains the progesterone and estrogen levels secreted by the corpus luteum.
      • The secretory phase continues and prevents menstruation.
      • This ultimately leads to pregnancy.

    Ovarian Cycle

    • Cyclic changes in the ovaries under the influence of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
    • Includes development of follicles, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation.

    Phases of the Ovarian Cycle

    • Pre-ovulatory phase: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH, which stimulates follicle growth.
    • Ovulatory phase: GnRH induces the anterior pituitary gland to secrete LH, triggering ovulation.
    • Post-ovulatory phase: The corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone.

    Menstrual Cycle

    • Represents the time period during which the oocyte matures, is ovulated, and enters the uterine tubes.
    • Cyclic changes in the endometrium are driven by estrogen and progesterone (ovarian hormones).
    • The menstrual cycle is also known as the endometrial cycle.

    Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

    • Proliferative phase: Controlled by estrogen secreted from granulosa cells. Estrogen promotes the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells, glands, and blood vessels.
    • Secretory phase (Luteal phase): Controlled by progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum. Progesterone stimulates endometrial glands to secrete mucous secretions.
    • Menstrual phase: The bleeding phase. Endometrial shedding occurs if fertilization fails. Typically lasts 4 to 5 days.

    Menstruation: Breakdown

    • If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates.
    • Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease, leading the secretory endometrium to enter the ischemic phase.
    • Menstruation commences.

    Ischemic Phase

    • Occurs due to lack of hormone support as the corpus luteum degenerates.
    • The endometrium becomes starved of nutrients and oxygen, leading to ischemia (lack of blood flow).

    Fertilization

    • If fertilization occurs, the zygote cleaves and blastogenesis (formation of blastocyst) begins.
    • The blastocyst implants in the endometrium.
    • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone maintains the corpus luteum's production of estrogen and progesterone.
    • The luteal phase continues, preventing menstruation. This marks the pregnancy phase.

    Ovulation

    • The release of a mature egg (oocyte) from the ovary.
    • The dominant follicle ruptures, releasing the egg.

    After Rupture

    • The ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum.
    • The corpus luteum produces progesterone.
    • Progesterone prepares the uterus for a potential pregnancy.

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    GAD L8 (Menstrual and Ovarian Cycles)_c8f78159a14daea119c651e77c5062d6.pdf

    Description

    Explore the intricate changes of the ovarian cycle driven by FSH and LH hormones. This quiz covers the phases of the ovarian cycle, including follicle development, ovulation, and the role of the corpus luteum, as well as the menstrual cycle timeline. Test your knowledge and understanding of female reproductive physiology.

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