Ottoman Empire and Turkish History

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu (Ottoman Empire)

• Established in 1299 by Osman Bey
• Lasted for over 600 years until its collapse in 1922
• At its peak, it was one of the largest and most influential empires in history
• Covered much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa
• Known for its administrative organization, architecture, and cultural achievements

İlk Çağ Tarihi (Ancient History)

• Covers the period from the emergence of the first humans to the fall of the Roman Empire (c. 5000 BCE - 500 CE)
• Key civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome
• Important events: Neolithic Revolution, Bronze Age, Iron Age
• Notable figures: Sumerian King Sargon, Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II, Greek philosopher Socrates

Türk Kültürü (Turkish Culture)

• Encompasses the customs, traditions, and values of the Turkish people
• Strongly influenced by Islamic and Ottoman heritage
• Rich in folk music, dance, and handicrafts
• Famous for its coffee, delight (lokum), and baklava
• Celebrates festivals like Nowruz and Kurban Bayramı

Türk İnkılap Tarihi (Turkish Revolution History)

• Refers to the period of transformation in Turkey from 1919 to 1938
• Led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who became the first President of Turkey
• Aims: modernization, secularization, and westernization of Turkey
• Key reforms: abolition of the caliphate, introduction of Latin alphabet, and granting of women's suffrage

Dünya Tarihi (World History)

• Spans the entirety of human history from the emergence of Homo sapiens to the present day
• Encompasses the histories of all regions and civilizations
• Key events: Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, Cold War
• Notable figures: Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte, Albert Einstein