10 Questions
What event led to the outbreak of the First World War?
The murder of the Austrian Crown Prince Archduke Ferdinand
Who advocated nationalist economic policies and the building of an indigenous merchant and industrial bourgeoisie?
Alexander Helphand (Parvus)
Which event marked the beginning of the Unionist one-party regime that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I?
The coup d'état by the CUP in January 1913
Who formed a coherent Turkish nationalist ideology based on a synthesis of Islam, the state, and Turkishness?
Ziya Gökalp
Which country did the Ottoman Empire collaborate with by signing a secret agreement with its leaders in August 1914?
Germany
Who was removed from the government as part of further secularization efforts?
Şeyhülislam, highest religious dignitary
What led to the survival of a counter-revolution in April 1909?
Indirect CUP control on the government
Which group wielded more power than the government during World War I?
The inner circle of Unionists
What did Ziya Gökalp make a distinction between in his ideology?
Culture and civilization
Which individual was part of the ideological debates related to Ottomanism, Pan Turkism, and Islamism?
Sait Halim Pasha
Study Notes
Causes of World War I
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to the outbreak of the First World War
Economic Nationalism
- Ziya Gökalp advocated nationalist economic policies and the building of an indigenous merchant and industrial bourgeoisie
Ottoman Empire in World War I
- The 1913 Balkan Wars marked the beginning of the Unionist one-party regime that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I
- The Ottoman Empire collaborated with Germany by signing a secret agreement with its leaders in August 1914
Turkish Nationalism
- Ziya Gökalp formed a coherent Turkish nationalist ideology based on a synthesis of Islam, the state, and Turkishness
- Gökalp made a distinction between "culture" and "civilization" in his ideology
Secularization Efforts
- Abdul Hamid II was removed from the government as part of further secularization efforts
Counter-Revolution
- The counter-revolution in April 1909 was survived due to the support of the Albanian units and the Macedonian army
Power Dynamics in World War I
- The Committee of Union and Progress wielded more power than the government during World War I
Ideological Debates
- Ziya Gökalp was part of the ideological debates related to Ottomanism, Pan Turkism, and Islamism
Explore the rise to power and subsequent fall of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) in the Ottoman Empire leading up to and during World War I. Learn about the CUP's control over the government, survival of counter-revolution, and eventual seizure of absolute power with a coup d'état in 1913.
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