Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary indication for performing a myringotomy?
What is the primary indication for performing a myringotomy?
- Acute otitis media with no response to antibiotics (correct)
- Eustachian tube dysfunction
- Chronic otitis externa
- Perforated tympanic membrane
Which anatomical structure is involved in both the middle ear and the process of conducting sound?
Which anatomical structure is involved in both the middle ear and the process of conducting sound?
- Cochlea
- Auricle
- Ossicles (correct)
- Eustachian tube
What is a necessary component of tympanoplasty surgery?
What is a necessary component of tympanoplasty surgery?
- Graft taken from the earlobe or tragus (correct)
- Draining of the sinus cavities
- Removal of the ossicles
- Placement of a cochlear implant
What position is recommended for a patient undergoing nasal surgery during recovery?
What position is recommended for a patient undergoing nasal surgery during recovery?
Which type of hearing loss is typically addressed by a cochlear implant?
Which type of hearing loss is typically addressed by a cochlear implant?
What is the primary purpose of using povidone-iodine solution in ear surgeries?
What is the primary purpose of using povidone-iodine solution in ear surgeries?
Which ear surgery involves the removal of diseased bone to treat cholesteatoma?
Which ear surgery involves the removal of diseased bone to treat cholesteatoma?
What complication should be monitored during otorhinolaryngology surgeries?
What complication should be monitored during otorhinolaryngology surgeries?
Which nasal structure is responsible for humidifying and filtering air?
Which nasal structure is responsible for humidifying and filtering air?
What type of dressing is commonly used post-operatively after nasal surgery to facilitate drainage?
What type of dressing is commonly used post-operatively after nasal surgery to facilitate drainage?
What is the primary goal of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?
What is the primary goal of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?
What is the purpose of applying nasal packing or a Denver split during a closed reduction of a nasal fracture?
What is the purpose of applying nasal packing or a Denver split during a closed reduction of a nasal fracture?
Which statement accurately describes nasoseptoplasty?
Which statement accurately describes nasoseptoplasty?
What structure connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
What structure connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
Which condition can facilitate the need for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?
Which condition can facilitate the need for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?
Which area is NOT part of the pharynx?
Which area is NOT part of the pharynx?
What is the role of the pituitary gland regarding thyroid hormones?
What is the role of the pituitary gland regarding thyroid hormones?
What surgical outcome is expected from a nasoseptoplasty?
What surgical outcome is expected from a nasoseptoplasty?
Which of the following is NOT a typical indication for FESS?
Which of the following is NOT a typical indication for FESS?
What type of structure is primarily realigned during a closed reduction of nasal fracture?
What type of structure is primarily realigned during a closed reduction of nasal fracture?
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Which of the following surgeries involves direct visualization of the glottis or vocal cords?
Which of the following surgeries involves direct visualization of the glottis or vocal cords?
In which surgical procedure is there a risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves?
In which surgical procedure is there a risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves?
What is typically preserved and may be reimplanted during a thyroidectomy?
What is typically preserved and may be reimplanted during a thyroidectomy?
What complication can arise from a parotidectomy?
What complication can arise from a parotidectomy?
Which of the following is not typically involved in a radical neck dissection?
Which of the following is not typically involved in a radical neck dissection?
What position is recommended for a patient undergoing throat surgery?
What position is recommended for a patient undergoing throat surgery?
During thyroid surgery, what is the primary reason for using a nerve stimulator?
During thyroid surgery, what is the primary reason for using a nerve stimulator?
Which of these options is a common reason for performing a tonsillectomy?
Which of these options is a common reason for performing a tonsillectomy?
What is typically indicated for drainage after a parotidectomy?
What is typically indicated for drainage after a parotidectomy?
What procedure is required before conducting a neck dissection?
What procedure is required before conducting a neck dissection?
Which of the following conditions does NOT typically require a tracheostomy?
Which of the following conditions does NOT typically require a tracheostomy?
What is the purpose of using a nerve stimulator during a neck dissection?
What is the purpose of using a nerve stimulator during a neck dissection?
Which instrument is not typically included in a basic ENT tray for neck dissection?
Which instrument is not typically included in a basic ENT tray for neck dissection?
What should be tested for leaks before passing the tracheostomy tube to the surgeon?
What should be tested for leaks before passing the tracheostomy tube to the surgeon?
What complication might a patient experience after cervical node removal?
What complication might a patient experience after cervical node removal?
Which procedure is associated with the requirement of a tracheostomy beforehand?
Which procedure is associated with the requirement of a tracheostomy beforehand?
What instrument is specifically utilized to aid in the placement of a tracheostomy tube?
What instrument is specifically utilized to aid in the placement of a tracheostomy tube?
What type of dissection involves the removal of the mandible?
What type of dissection involves the removal of the mandible?
Which of the following is NOT a common reason to perform a tracheostomy?
Which of the following is NOT a common reason to perform a tracheostomy?
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Study Notes
Otorhinolaryngology Surgery Overview
- Focuses on surgical procedures involving the ear, nose, and throat (ENT).
- Important to understand anatomy, surgical interventions, and procedural considerations.
Ear Anatomy
- External Ear:
- Comprises auricle, external auditory canal (cartilage and skin), tympanic membrane.
- Middle Ear:
- Includes the Eustachian tube and ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes).
- Inner Ear:
- Contains cochlea and vestibular labyrinth.
Ear Surgical Procedures
- Myringotomy:
- Incision in the tympanic membrane to treat acute otitis media; fluid aspiration and insertion of myringotomy tube.
- Mastoidectomy:
- Removal of diseased mastoid bone for cholesteatoma; involves incising the eardrum for drainage.
- Tympanoplasty:
- Repair of tympanic membrane due to hearing loss; graft used from ear regions and packing with antibiotic ointment.
- Cochlear Implant:
- Used for severe hearing loss; involves implantation of a hearing aid into the cochlea.
Nasal Anatomy
- Supported by a combination of cartilage and bone; includes two external nares for airflow.
- Nasal septum made up of nasal cartilage, ethmoid bone's perpendicular plate, and vomer bone.
- Nasal Sinuses: Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses involved in air humidification and filtration.
Nasal Surgical Procedures
- Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS):
- Endoscopic approach to drain sinuses by resecting tissue for aeration.
- Closed Reduction of Nasal Fracture:
- Manual realignment of fractured nasal bones without incisions.
- Nasoseptoplasty:
- Straightening of deviated septum to improve nasal airflow, with splints retained post-op.
Throat Anatomy
- Includes oral cavity, pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx), and larynx (with cartilages, ligaments, muscles, and trachea).
- Thyroid Anatomy:
- Composed of two lobes connected by isthmus; regulated by the pituitary gland influencing hormone levels.
Throat Surgical Procedures
- Laryngoscopy:
- Utilizes a rigid, lighted speculum to visualize vocal cords.
- Tonsillectomy:
- Removal of tonsils due to chronic infections; often combined with adenoidectomy.
- Thyroidectomy:
- Involves removal of thyroid gland; can be partial or total with potential preservation/reimplantation of parathyroid glands.
- Parotidectomy:
- Surgical removal of one or more parotid glands; typically for benign tumors with risks to facial nerves.
- Radical Neck Dissection:
- Removal of malignant tissues and cervical nodes; may require reconstructive surgery due to potential complications.
- Tracheostomy:
- Creation of an airway opening through the cricoid cartilage; indicated for long-term intubation, severe injuries, or muscle paralysis.
Perioperative Nursing Considerations
- Ear Procedures:
- Monitor facial nerves; position patient supine; use povidone-iodine for prepping; ensure draping and utilize surgical microscopes.
- Nasal Procedures:
- Patient positioning varies; use topical epinephrine for bleeding control; perioperative nasal packing.
- Throat Procedures:
- Position for optimal airway access; utilize drains, hemoclips, and nerve stimulators to protect major vessels and nerves.
Instrumentation
- Ear surgeries utilize basic ENT tools, specific scissors, vessel loops, and hemostatic devices.
- Tracheostomy procedures engage tracheal dilators and hooks; proper confirmation of device readiness is crucial before surgeries.
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