Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of topical anesthetics in eye care?
Which drug classification is NEVER recommended for use unless in an emergency situation for eye treatment?
What is the effect of cholinergic and anticholinesterase miotics in glaucoma treatment?
What is a common side effect of antihistamines prescribed for allergic conjunctivitis?
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Which condition is characterized by a blockage in the flow of aqueous humor?
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Which of the following drugs can cause systemic absorption leading to frequent urination?
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What condition represents the most common type of glaucoma?
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Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of cholinergic and anticholinesterase miotics?
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Study Notes
Otic/Ophthalmic Agents
- Dyes serve as diagnostic aids for locating foreign bodies in the eye.
- Topical anesthetics like Proparacaine HCL and Tetracaine are used for numbing the eye.
- Antiinfectives and antiinflammatories are indicated for conditions such as:
- Conjunctivitis
- Blepharitis
- Chalazion (eyelid nodule)
- Hordeolum (stye)
- Antihistamines provide treatment for allergic conjunctivitis but may cause side effects like burning, headaches, and stinging.
- Lubricants are prescribed for dryness of the eyes, available in liquid and ointment forms. Common types include Tears Naturale and Lacri-Lube.
Glaucoma
- Open angle glaucoma is the most prevalent form, characterized by an open angle but impaired outflow of aqueous humor.
- Closed angle glaucoma can be either chronic or acute; acute cases are medical emergencies that can result in vision loss within hours due to blocked angles preventing aqueous humor flow.
Antiglaucoma Drug Classes
- Cholinergic and anticholinesterase miotics are used to promote pupil constriction and decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) by enhancing aqueous humor outflow.
- Beta-adrenergic blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and osmotics are other drug classes for managing glaucoma.
- Anticholinergics should be avoided unless in an emergency situation.
Cholinergic & Anticholinesterase Drugs (Miotics)
- Induce miosis (pupil constriction) and effectively lower IOP.
- Common side effects include headaches, brow pain, decreased vision, burning sensations, and redness.
- Systemic absorption may lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, frequent urination, asthma attacks, increased salivation, sweating, muscle weakness, bradycardia, and hypotension.
- Toxicity can manifest as vertigo, bradycardia, tremors, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, and seizures.
- Atropine serves as an antidote for bradycardia.
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Description
Test your knowledge on otic and ophthalmic agents, including their uses, applications, and side effects. This quiz will cover diagnostic aids, topical anesthetics, antiinfectives, and lubricants used in eye care. Brush up on your understanding of conditions like conjunctivitis and blepharitis.
