وظيفة التوجيه والاتصال

Directing (وظيفة التوجيه)

• Directing is a management function that guides a group towards pre-defined goals during plan execution. It ensures the organization stays on track.
• It's a key activity for managers and involves making appropriate decisions to achieve goals.
• Directing is about enabling employees to perform well. This involves communication with subordinates, guiding their work processes through explanations and descriptions, and motivating them to achieve objectives. It's not about doing the work itself, but guiding others to do it.
• High levels of planning and organization lead to fewer problems and reduced need for immediate decision-making during directing tasks.

Communication (الاتصال)

• Communication is the process of transferring instructions, information, and ideas between individuals or groups. The goal is to modify behavior and achieve organizational objectives. It is a continuous process that accompanies all other management functions and operations.
• Importance of communication: it is consistent and supports all management activities.

Communication Objectives

• Inquiries and Investigations (الإستعلام والتحري): Managers gather necessary information about work performance, obstacles, subordinate perspectives, and solutions.
• Notifications (الإخبار): Providing necessary information to subordinates, improving their understanding, and facilitating smooth task execution.
• Influence (التأثير): Supporting positive attitudes among subordinates towards task performance.

Types of Communication

• Formal Communication (الاتصال الرسمي):

  • Follows established communication channels within the organization's structure.
  • Can be vertical (top-down or bottom-up) or horizontal/lateral (across departments) or diagonal (between different levels and/or departments).
  • Verbal Communication (الاتصال اللفظي): Information exchanged verbally, through face-to-face interactions or official meetings (e.g., sports federation meetings).
  • Written Communication (الاتصالات الكتابية): Information documented or written (e.g., administrative reports, official letters).

• Informal Communication (الاتصال غير الرسمي):

  • Based on personal relationships and interactions (e.g., gatherings, informal meetings).

• Nonverbal Communication (الاتصال غير اللغوي): Uses symbols, gestures, body language, facial expressions, and hand movements.

Leadership (القيادة)

• Leadership is a vital directing tool that solves problems and overcomes obstacles. Some view it as a crucial management function.
• Leadership is the ability to influence individuals to willingly complete tasks to achieve shared goals.
• Effective leaders are not necessarily managers, and strong leadership qualities are relatively rare.
• Numerous factors influence leader effectiveness including subordinate characteristics, leadership style, environmental conditions, and societal values, as well as time constraints and the ability to operate under pressure.

Leadership Styles

• Different leadership styles suit various organizational environments and needs.
• Some include:
  • Democratic Leadership (القيادة الديمقراطية): Decisions are made collectively through group discussion and input from all members.
  • Authoritarian Leadership (القيادة التسلطية): Managers decide on all work aspects without consultation; control is emphasized. (May lead to uniformity and efficiency but is often less motivational.)
  • Lassez-faire Leadership (القيادة الفوضوية): Minimal manager intervention, letting individuals make decisions and manage their work. (Works best for highly skilled and motivated employees).

تتناول هذه الاختبارتين جوانب التوجيه والاتصال كوظائف هامة في الإدارة. يركز التوجيه على توجيه الفرق نحو الأهداف المحددة، بينما يركز الاتصال على نقل الأفكار والمعلومات. دعونا نكتشف كيفية تأثير هاتين الوظيفتين على الأداء التنظيمي.