OTC 3
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Questions and Answers

What are the main functions of earwax according to the text?

  • Does not serve any specific function
  • Blocks the ear canal and causes gradual hearing loss
  • Cleans, lubricates, and protects the ear canal (correct)
  • Causes discomfort and temporary deafness

What is the consequence of excessive build-up of hard earwax?

  • Permanent deafness
  • Ear infection
  • Temporary deafness (correct)
  • Sudden hearing loss

Why should cotton wool buds never be poked into the ear according to the text?

  • Because it causes discomfort
  • Because it leads to ear infection
  • Because it is ineffective in removing earwax
  • Because it pushes the wax further in and can damage the eardrum (correct)

What are the symptoms of excessive build-up of hard earwax?

<p>Temporary deafness and a sensation that the ear is blocked (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of earwax according to the text?

<p>Causing temporary deafness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for dealing with excessive hard earwax build-up according to the text?

<p>Seek medical advice for safe removal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with using cryotherapy for treating warts and verrucas?

<p>Chemical burns to the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should cryotherapy not be used by people with diabetes or pregnant women?

<p>It can result in severe skin irritation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis?

<p>Viral infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with bacterial conjunctivitis?

<p>Sticky and purulent discharge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended regimen for wet combing as a treatment for head lice?

<p>Four sessions spaced over 2 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a live head louse is found during detection combing for head lice?

<p>Treat all affected household members on the same day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are essential oil-based treatments not recommended for head lice?

<p>They are ineffective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of wet combing as a treatment for head lice?

<p>Time-consuming and labor-intensive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the licensed age requirement for using Chloramphenicol drops or ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

<p>Only for children older than 2 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should Chloramphenicol not be used during pregnancy?

<p>It is not recommended, so hygiene measures should be adopted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be recommended as a self-help and hygiene measure for conjunctivitis?

<p>Use tissues to wipe the eyes and throw away immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes most cases of viral conjunctivitis?

<p>Close proximity to someone with viral respiratory tract infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Dimeticone?

<p>Coating the lice internally and externally, leading to disruption in water excretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which OTC product is commonly used to treat infantile colic but has uncertain evidence of benefit?

<p>Simeticone (e.g. infacol) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of teething in infants?

<p>Increased biting and chewing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a red flag or referral symptom for colic treatment?

<p>Symptoms not improving or worsening over age of 4 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is permethrin not generally recommended for head lice treatment?

<p>High resistance rates in the United Kingdom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a self-care measure to relieve teething symptoms?

<p>Gentle rubbing of the gum with a clean finger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of colic in infants?

<p>Allergy to cow’s milk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Isopropyl myristate?

<p>Blocking the breathing system of lice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some signs and symptoms defined for colic?

<p>Excessive and inconsolable crying, facial flushing and drawing up of legs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which product helps to break down the lactose in a baby’s usual milk before feeding?

<p>Colief (Lactase Enzyme) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is recommended for softening and aiding the removal of ear wax?

<p>Olive oil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of mouth ulcer, typically 2-10mm in diameter and uncomfortable but not affecting eating?

<p>Minor aphthous ulcers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a red flag/referral symptom for mouth ulcers?

<p>Ulcers lasting more than 14 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common location for verrucas (plantar warts) to appear?

<p>Sole of the foot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of warts appear as raised fleshy lesions with a roughened surface?

<p>Cutaneous warts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action before applying acid treatments for warts and verrucas?

<p>Soaking the affected area in warm water for 5-10 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which OTC treatment should be used twice a day for 1 minute and continued for 48 hours after mouth ulcer symptoms have gone?

<p>Chlorhexidine mouthwash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action if an infant does not respond to appropriate doses of paracetamol or ibuprofen alone?

<p>Consider alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after instilling ear drops for softening ear wax?

<p>Lie with the affected ear uppermost for 2-3 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the maximum dose of either paracetamol or ibuprofen has been exceeded in a 24-hour period?

<p>Seek medical advice immediately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of regular use of chlorhexidine mouthwash for mouth ulcers?

<p>Brown staining of teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of times lidocaine (e.g. anbesol, calgel, detinox gel, bonjela) can be used in one day?

<p>6 times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a caution that should be advised before using ear drops for ear wax removal?

<p>Check for an existing nut allergy before use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should lidocaine gel be applied for teething relief?

<p>On the baby's gums (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mouth ulcer should be referred as it can be a sign of cancer?

<p>Painless ulcers lasting more than 14 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for using paracetamol or ibuprofen for teething relief in infants?

<p>3 months and older (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important instruction for using hydrocortisone mucoadhesive buccal tablet for mouth ulcers?

<p>Hold the tablet in close proximity to the ulcer until dissolved, but do not suck on it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if an infant does not respond to appropriate doses of paracetamol or ibuprofen alone?

<p>Consider alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maximum number of times lidocaine gel can be used in one day?

<p>6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between lidocaine and analgesics, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen?

<p>Lidocaine is used as a third line treatment option (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of earwax according to the text?

<p>Causing temporary deafness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of using wet combing as a treatment for head lice?

<p>It is time-consuming and requires patience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms defined for colic?

<p>Discomfort, crying, and irritability in infants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a live head louse is found during detection combing for head lice?

<p>Continue with the detection combing process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the licensed age requirement for using Chloramphenicol drops or ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

<p>3 months and above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are essential oil-based treatments not recommended for head lice?

<p>They can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cerumenolytics in ear wax removal?

<p>To soften hardened cerumen for easier removal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect should patients be cautioned about before using ear drops for wax removal?

<p>Transient hearing loss and skin irritation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using chlorhexidine mouthwash for mouth ulcers?

<p>It reduces the duration and severity of ulceration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action if a painless ulcer persists for more than 14 days?

<p>Refer the patient as it could be a sign of cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak incidence age range for verrucas (plantar warts)?

<p>10-14 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which OTC product can be used on verrucas and warts by chemically burning and mechanically removing affected tissue?

<p>Acid treatments (e.g. salicylic acid) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between major aphthous ulcers and minor aphthous ulcers?

<p>Duration of ulceration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a red flag/referral symptom for mouth ulcers?

<p>Signs of systemic illness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of most cases of viral conjunctivitis?

<p>Viral infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cryotherapy' is generally not recommended for which type of patients with warts and verrucas?

<p>'Immunocompromised patients' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common location for verrucas (plantar warts) to appear?

<p>Sole of the foot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do anesthetic/analgesic gels provide relief from in mouth ulcers?

<p>Pain and discomfort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should lidocaine gel (e.g. anbesol, calgel, detinox gel, bonjela) be used for teething relief in infants?

<p>As the third line treatment option (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if an infant does not respond to appropriate doses of either paracetamol or ibuprofen alone?

<p>Consider alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of times lidocaine gel can be used in one day for teething relief?

<p>6 times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text recommend using sugar-free versions of analgesics for infants?

<p>To reduce the risk of tooth decay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consideration when using lidocaine gel (e.g. anbesol, calgel, detinox gel, bonjela) for teething relief?

<p>To adhere strictly to the maximum usage guidelines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of exceeding the maximum doses of either paracetamol or ibuprofen in 24 hours?

<p>Potential liver or kidney damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should lidocaine gel no longer be available as an over-the-counter medication?

<p>To reduce the risk of misuse and overuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if necessary after using lidocaine gel for teething relief?

<p>Wait for at least 6 hours before repeating the dose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured when administering analgesics to infants?

<p>Adhere strictly to the maximum doses in 24 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maximum usage for lidocaine gel in one day for teething relief?

<p>6 times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with using cryotherapy for treating warts and verrucas?

<p>Irritation of the healthy skin surrounding the lesion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with bacterial conjunctivitis?

<p>Sticky and purulent discharge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a self-care measure to relieve teething symptoms?

<p>Giving the infant paracetamol or ibuprofen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of regular use of chlorhexidine mouthwash for mouth ulcers?

<p>Staining of the teeth or oral mucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the licensed age requirement for using Chloramphenicol drops or ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

<p>Children older than 2 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended regimen for wet combing as a treatment for head lice?

<p>$4$ sessions spaced over 2 weeks (on days 1, 5, 9, and 13) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be recommended as a self-help and hygiene measure for conjunctivitis?

<p>Using tissue to wipe the eyes and throwing them away immediately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some signs and symptoms defined for colic?

<p>Excessive crying without an obvious cause, clenched fists, arching of the back, etc. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after instilling ear drops for softening ear wax?

<p>Tilt the head to allow the drops to drain out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of teething in infants?

<p>Increased saliva production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of simeticone in treating infantile colic?

<p>Aiding digestion by breaking down lactose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of dimeticone in treating head lice?

<p>Coating the lice internally and externally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is permethrin not generally recommended for head lice treatment?

<p>Short contact time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of colic in infants according to the text?

<p>Allergy to cow’s milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What self-care measure is recommended to relieve teething symptoms?

<p>Gentle rubbing of the gum with a clean finger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a red flag/referral symptom for colic treatment?

<p>Infant not thriving (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the licensed age requirement for using Chloramphenicol drops or ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

<p>3 months and above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common location for verrucas (plantar warts) to appear?

<p>Feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a sign of teething in infants?

<p>Drooling, gum-rubbing, and increased biting and chewing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be recommended as a self-help and hygiene measure for conjunctivitis?

<p>Wiping away excess saliva regularly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor in some babies with colic according to the text?

<p>Lactose intolerance and inadequate amounts of lactobacilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should cotton wool buds never be poked into the ear according to the text?

<p>They can push earwax further into the ear canal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common signs and symptoms of excessive build-up of hard earwax?

<p>Temporary deafness, discomfort, sensation that the ear is blocked</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should cotton wool buds never be poked into the ear according to the text?

<p>Wax is pushed further in and it is possible to damage the eardrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cerumenolytics in ear wax removal?

<p>To aid in the removal of skin debris from the ear canal, to clean, lubricate, and protect the lining, and to provide antibacterial properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of using wet combing as a treatment for head lice?

<p>Time-consuming and may not effectively remove all lice and nits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of colic in infants according to the text?

<p>Infant's immature digestive system, feeding patterns, and maternal diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for using paracetamol or ibuprofen for teething relief in infants?

<p>From 3 months of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended actions if an infant does not respond to appropriate doses of paracetamol or ibuprofen alone?

<p>Consider alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen, taking care not to exceed the maximum doses of either drug in 24 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use sugar-free versions of analgesics for infants?

<p>To avoid unnecessary sugar intake and potential dental issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of times lidocaine gel can be used in one day for teething relief?

<p>6 times in one day (24-hour period).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is lidocaine gel no longer available as a GSL but will be P meds?

<p>Due to safety concerns and the need for more controlled access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the third line treatment option for teething relief?

<p>Lidocaine (e.g. anbesol, calgel, detinox gel, bonjela).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary analgesics recommended for infants 3 months of age or older for teething relief?

<p>Paracetamol or ibuprofen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the application regimen for lidocaine gel for teething relief?

<p>Apply a pea sized blob of gel to the sore area of the gum and, if necessary, repeat the dose after 3 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the licensed age requirement for using Chloramphenicol drops or ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

<p>Children over 2 years of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action if a painless ulcer persists for more than 14 days?

<p>Referral to healthcare professional, as it can be a sign of cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of times lidocaine (e.g. anbesol, calgel, detinox gel, bonjela) can be used in one day?

<p>6 times in one day (24-hour period).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the red flag/referral symptoms for conjunctivitis?

<p>Clouding of the cornea, associated vomiting, possible foreign body in the eye, irregular pupil shape, photophobia, eye pain, changes in vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended usage regimen for wet combing as a treatment for head lice?

<p>Four sessions spaced over 2 weeks (on days 1, 5, 9, and 13)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the general advice and hygiene measures recommended for infective conjunctivitis?

<p>Bathe the eyelids with lukewarm water to remove any discharge, use tissues to wipe the eyes and throw away immediately, wash hands regularly, avoid sharing pillows and towels, do not wear contact lenses, and use new lenses after infection has cleared</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the licensed age requirement for using Chloramphenicol drops or ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

<p>Children older than 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most prevalent age group for head lice infestation?

<p>4-11 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of using wet combing as a treatment for head lice?

<p>Time-consuming and labor-intensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of excessive build-up of hard earwax?

<p>Hearing loss, earache, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and feeling of fullness in the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the self-care and hygiene measures recommended for head lice infestation?

<p>Regular detection combing, systematic combing of wet or dry hair, and treating all affected household members on the same day if live lice are found</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with cryotherapy for treating warts and verrucas?

<p>Causing chemical burns and irritation to healthy skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of viral conjunctivitis?

<p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis?

<p>Redness or 'pinkness', uncomfortable gritty sensation, discharge, and possible clouding of the cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Isopropyl myristate?

<p>It is a physical insecticide used in head lice treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the red flag/referral symptoms for mouth ulcers?

<p>Painless ulcers should be referred – often a sign of cancer, lasting more than 14 days, more than 10 ulcers present, ulcer greater than 1cm in diameter, signs of systemic illness, children under 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the general advice and precautions for using OTC wart products?

<p>Continuous application of the selected preparation for several weeks or months is needed, and it is important to explain this to the patient for any benefit to be achieved. OTC wart products CANNOT be used on: the face or skinfolds, moles or birthmarks, or lesions with red edges, or an unusual color, open wounds, irritated or reddened skin, or any area that appears to be infected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes and signs/symptoms of cutaneous warts and verrucas?

<p>They are caused by infection of skin cells with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Cutaneous warts appear as small, rough growths on the skin. Verrucas, or plantar warts, are warts on the sole of the foot and appear as raised fleshy lesions with a roughened surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chlorhexidine mouthwash for mouth ulcers?

<p>It reduces the duration and severity of ulceration and helps prevent secondary bacterial infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of mouth ulcers and their characteristics?

<p>The most common type is 2–10 mm in diameter, round or oval, uncomfortable but eating not affected. Major aphthous ulcers are usually over 10 mm in diameter, round or oval, and cause prolonged and painful ulceration making eating difficult. Herpetiform ulcers are the least common and start as pinhead sized and coalesce to form an irregular shape as they enlarge, often causing significant pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential treatment options for ear wax removal?

<p>Cerumenolytics such as Cerumol, hydrogen peroxide, and urea, sodium bicarbonate, and olive oil. Other treatments include irrigation of the ear or syringing/suctioning of the wax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the possible cautions and side effects associated with using analgesic gels for mouth ulcers?

<p>Local anaesthetics like lidocaine have a short duration of action and limited side effects. Choline salicylate, used in Bonjela, is licensed from 16 years and older and has limited side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the red flag/referral symptoms for ear wax issues?

<p>Dizziness/tinnitus, foreign body in the ear canal, OTC medication failure, and pain. If the issue is recurrent, patients should see their GP to have their inner ear examined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some OTC treatments for mouth ulcers?

<p>Chlorhexidine mouthwash, anaesthetic or analgesic gels, Orabase protective paste, and hydrocortisone mucoadhesive buccal tablet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of mouth ulcers and verrucas?

<p>Trauma to the inside of the mouth or tongue, ill-fitting dentures, stress and emotional factors, and food allergies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential treatments for warts and verrucas?

<p>Acids (e.g. salicylic acid, lactic acid) and cryotherapy are common treatments for warts and verrucas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the general advice and precautions for using ear wax treatments?

<p>Warn the patient that instilling ear drops may cause transient hearing loss, discomfort, dizziness, and irritation of the skin. Some ear wax treatments contain arachis oil and/or almond oil, so it's important to check for a nut allergy before using them. If ear wax issues are recurrent, patients should see their GP for examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does dimeticone work to treat head lice?

<p>Coating the lice internally and externally, leading to disruption in water excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main insecticide used for head lice treatment?

<p>Malathion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common signs and symptoms of colic in infants?

<p>Excessive and inconsolable crying, facial flushing, drawing up of the legs, clenching of the fists, arching of the back, passing wind, and difficulty in passing stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common signs and symptoms of teething in infants?

<p>Pain, increased biting and chewing, drooling, gum-rubbing, sucking, irritability, wakefulness, ear-rubbing, facial rash, decreased appetite, disturbed sleep, and mild pyrexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OTC product is commonly used to treat infantile colic but has uncertain evidence of benefit?

<p>Simeticone (e.g. infacol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process in which deciduous teeth emerge through the gums in infants?

<p>Teething</p> Signup and view all the answers

What self-care measures are recommended to relieve teething symptoms?

<p>Gentle rubbing of the gum with a clean finger, allowing the infant to bite on a clean and cool object, cuddling and reassuring the child, wiping away excess saliva regularly to reduce the risk of facial rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be suspected in an infant/child if there are clinical features which start approximately 3–5 days before each tooth eruption?

<p>Teething</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the red flag/referral symptoms for colic?

<p>Infant not thriving, symptoms not improving or worsening over age of 4 months, overanxious parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range at which teething should be suspected in an infant/child if alternative causes have been excluded?

<p>Up to 3 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common signs of gum swelling, redness, and tenderness on palpation just before tooth eruption?

<p>Teething</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the OTC treatments NOT recommended for teething relief?

<p>Oral salicylate gels, homeopathic gels/powders</p> Signup and view all the answers

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