Osteoporosis Treatment: Pharmacology in Rehabilitation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of 1, 25 (OH)2 D in bone mineral homeostasis?

  • Stimulates intestinal uptake of calcium and phosphate and promotes bone formation (correct)
  • Inhibits PTH production
  • Inhibits bone formation
  • Regulates osteoclast activity

    • Which of the following hormones inhibits bone resorption?

  • Vitamin D
  • Calcitonin (correct)
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Estrogen

    • What is the effect of vitamin D deficiency on bone formation?

  • Bone formation is stimulated
  • Bone resorption is inhibited
  • Bone formation is impaired (correct)
  • Bone density is unaffected

    • Which cell type produces RANKL, stimulating preosteoclast differentiation?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of increased osteoclast activity due to high PTH levels?

    <p>Hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a secondary regulator of bone mineral homeostasis?

    <p>Glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates in treating osteoporosis?

    <p>Inhibiting bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of food and other medications on the absorption of oral bisphosphonates?

    <p>They significantly interfere with the absorption of oral bisphosphonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bisphosphonates once they are bound to bone?

    <p>They are cleared over a period of hours to years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should bisphosphonates be avoided in severe renal impairment?

    <p>Because the free drug is excreted unchanged by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of oral bisphosphonates?

    <p>Less than 1% of the dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment for osteoporosis?

    <p>Bisphosphonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decline in bone density in postmenopausal osteoporosis?

    <p>Decreased estrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect of oral bisphosphonates?

    <p>Gastrointestinal disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking oral bisphosphonates on an empty stomach with a large quantity of water?

    <p>To reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of raloxifene on bone?

    <p>It is an estrogen agonist/antagonist that mainly inhibits osteoclasts and bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of raloxifene after oral administration?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative treatment option for patients who are unable to tolerate oral bisphosphonates?

    <p>Intravenous ibandronate and zoledronate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for raloxifene?

    <p>Faeces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of raloxifene?

    <p>Venous thromboembolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of parathyroid hormone analogs?

    <p>Stimulating PTH1 and PTH2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of teriparatide therapy?

    <p>Risk of osteosarcoma in rats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low intermittent doses of parathyroid hormone?

    <p>Increased bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of denosumab?

    <p>Binding to and preventing RANKL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RANKL in osteoclast development?

    <p>Stimulating preosteoclast differentiation to osteoclast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended administration frequency for denosumab?

    <p>Every 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a rare adverse effect of denosumab?

    <p>Osteonecrosis of the jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main preparation of calcitonin?

    <p>Salcatonin (synthetic salmon calcitonin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term risk associated with calcitonin use?

    <p>Increased risk of malignancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was strontium recently withdrawn from the market?

    <p>Due to increased risk of CVS events</p> Signup and view all the answers

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