Osteoporosis Risk Factors

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What is the reason why women are more prone to osteoporosis than men?

Men have a higher risk of fractures than women
Men have a lower peak bone mass early in life
Women have denser bones than men
Women lose bone faster than men, especially after menopause (correct)

Which racial group has a lower risk of osteoporosis?

Hispanics
Caucasians
Southeast Asians
African Americans (correct)

What is the effect of weight-bearing exercise on osteoporosis risk?

It reduces the risk (correct)
It has no impact
It slightly increases the risk
It increases the risk significantly

What is the effect of a diet high in phytates, oxalates, and tannins on osteoporosis risk?

It increases the risk (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high dietary sodium on osteoporosis risk?

It increases the risk (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary approach to minimize the risk of osteoporosis?

A diet rich in fruits and vegetables, adequate in calcium and vitamin D (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high intakes of iodine on the thyroid gland?

It causes an enlargement of the gland (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of iodine deficiency on mental function in children and adolescents?

It impairs mental function (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that can occur in the offspring of iodine-deficient pregnant women?

Cretinism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What has led to a decrease in the incidence of iodine deficiency worldwide?

The adoption of universal salt iodization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current estimate of the percentage of households worldwide that have access to iodized salt?

66% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of goiter?

An enlargement of the thyroid gland due to a shortage of iodine in the diet (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of zinc in the body?

To stabilize cell membranes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is a poor source of zinc?

Refined grains (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is zinc from animal products better absorbed than zinc from plant sources?

Because plant sources contain phytates, fiber, oxalates, and tannins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a zinc deficiency on gene expression?

Decreased synthesis of certain proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which populations is zinc deficiency more common?

In developing countries (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do grain products leavened with yeast provide more zinc than unleavened products?

Because yeast reduces phytate content (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?

Fatigue (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which group is at risk of iron deficiency anemia due to rapid growth?

Infants and adolescents (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hemoglobin in the body?

To transport oxygen throughout the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are athletes at risk of iron deficiency anemia?

Because they do not consume enough iron in their diet (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if you ingest a single large dose of iron?

It can cause shock and liver failure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are women of reproductive age at risk of iron deficiency anemia?

Because of iron loss due to menstruation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of iodizing salt?

To prevent iodine deficiency in the population (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of iodine deficiency?

Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone?

Low thyroid hormone levels in the blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is seaweed a good source of iodine?

It is found in seawater, which is rich in iodine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is iodized salt the main source of iodine in the American diet?

It is widely consumed and has a higher iodine content than other foods (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is sea salt not a good source of iodine?

The iodine is lost in the drying process (C) Signup and view all the answers