Osteoporosis: Definitions and Interventions

Osteoporosis

• Definition: A common metabolic bone disease, affecting ~10 million in the U.S., characterized by reduced bone mass and micro-damage, increasing fracture risk.
• Precursor: Osteopenia (low bone mass)
• PT Interventions: Aim to stabilize or increase bone mass, prevent fractures, improve function, quality of life, and manage symptoms.
  • Screening: Look for signs like sharp pain in mid-thoracic region after sneezing, and increased thoracic kyphosis; assess balance and fall risk. Depression is linked to osteoporosis.
  • Exercise: Resistance training is more effective than aerobic exercise for site-specific bone strengthening, including hip strengthening exercises. Exercise intensity should be gradually increased. Aquatic exercises minimize weight-bearing but promote full ROM and strength.
  • Patient Education and Pain Management: Educate on postural corrections, and use modalities for pain control.
• Precautions/Considerations: Avoid posterior mobilization to midthoracic spine in prone patients due to increased risk of rib fracture.

Osteomyelitis

• Definition: Inflammation of bone caused by infection (like bacteria), with two main forms:
  • Acute: New bone infection, which can progress to chronic if untreated.
  • Chronic: Subacute or chronic, often caused by delayed treatment of acute, or open injuries to bone and surrounding tissue.
• Implications for Therapists: Therapists should be vigilant for symptoms of infection in at-risk patients (and follow hospital infection-control policies). Prevention of contractures, muscle atrophy, impaired joint mechanics, maximizing function, improving QOL and managing symptoms are key treatment objectives.

Osteomalacia

• Definition: Progressive bone mineralization disorder, where new bone matrix doesn't mineralize properly, leading to softening of bones. Unlike osteoporosis, it doesn't involve loss of existing bone matrix. Osteomalacia is the adult form of rickets.
• Causes: Inadequate calcium, vitamin D, or phosphate levels.
• PT Interventions: Stabilize or increase bone mass, prevent fractures, optimize function, and improve quality of life.

This quiz examines the common metabolic bone disease known as osteoporosis, highlighting its definition, precursor condition, and essential physical therapy interventions. Participants will learn about assessment methods, exercise recommendations, patient education, and pain management strategies. Understanding these concepts is crucial for improving patient outcomes and enhancing quality of life.