Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor does NOT contribute to the risk of developing osteoporosis?
Which factor does NOT contribute to the risk of developing osteoporosis?
- High levels of physical activity (correct)
- Postmenopausal state
- Family history
- Ethnocultural background
What is one of the Osteoporosis Canada recommendations for individuals over 50?
What is one of the Osteoporosis Canada recommendations for individuals over 50?
- Bone mineral density testing (correct)
- Obtain regular dental check-ups
- Daily calcium infusions
- Regular vision exams
Which treatment option is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer and myocardial infarction?
Which treatment option is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer and myocardial infarction?
- Hormone replacement therapy (correct)
- Calcium supplementation
- Exercise
- Dietary changes
Among the following, which is considered a subjective data point for assessing joint health?
Among the following, which is considered a subjective data point for assessing joint health?
For adolescents, which factor is NOT directly linked to health history assessments?
For adolescents, which factor is NOT directly linked to health history assessments?
Which of the following conditions is specifically known as 'tennis elbow'?
Which of the following conditions is specifically known as 'tennis elbow'?
What condition is characterized by a cystic swelling on the wrist?
What condition is characterized by a cystic swelling on the wrist?
Which term describes the condition with a bony protrusion at the base of the big toe?
Which term describes the condition with a bony protrusion at the base of the big toe?
Acute gout is primarily associated with which of the following symptoms?
Acute gout is primarily associated with which of the following symptoms?
Which of these conditions is related to inflammation of the Achilles tendon sheath?
Which of these conditions is related to inflammation of the Achilles tendon sheath?
What does ankylosis refer to in a medical context?
What does ankylosis refer to in a medical context?
Why is it important for a high school athlete to discuss their actions when they get hurt?
Why is it important for a high school athlete to discuss their actions when they get hurt?
Which of the following is NOT considered a common congenital or pediatric abnormality?
Which of the following is NOT considered a common congenital or pediatric abnormality?
What is the primary goal when discussing injury management with young athletes?
What is the primary goal when discussing injury management with young athletes?
Which condition results in the dysfunction of a joint due to the abnormal position of bones?
Which condition results in the dysfunction of a joint due to the abnormal position of bones?
Which of the following correctly describes spina bifida?
Which of the following correctly describes spina bifida?
What is the primary concern for a high school athlete when injured?
What is the primary concern for a high school athlete when injured?
Which pediatric abnormality is characterized by the inward or outward bending of the foot?
Which pediatric abnormality is characterized by the inward or outward bending of the foot?
What term describes joints that have a space filled with synovial fluid?
What term describes joints that have a space filled with synovial fluid?
Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the knee joint?
Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the knee joint?
What is the purpose of the bursa in the musculoskeletal system?
What is the purpose of the bursa in the musculoskeletal system?
Which skeletal muscle condition is typically aggravated during pregnancy?
Which skeletal muscle condition is typically aggravated during pregnancy?
Which structure is commonly referred to in conjunction with the elbow joint?
Which structure is commonly referred to in conjunction with the elbow joint?
Which of the following are components of the hip joint?
Which of the following are components of the hip joint?
What is a common musculoskeletal issue experienced by older adults?
What is a common musculoskeletal issue experienced by older adults?
What developmental change affects infants and children in relation to the musculoskeletal system?
What developmental change affects infants and children in relation to the musculoskeletal system?
What is a common developmental consideration in adolescents during a physical exam?
What is a common developmental consideration in adolescents during a physical exam?
Which condition is indicated by C-shaped curve in infants?
Which condition is indicated by C-shaped curve in infants?
What test is used to assess hip dysplasia in infants?
What test is used to assess hip dysplasia in infants?
Which of the following is a sign of osteoporosis?
Which of the following is a sign of osteoporosis?
What is assessed in older adults to evaluate activities of daily living (ADLs)?
What is assessed in older adults to evaluate activities of daily living (ADLs)?
Which joint condition is characterized by stiffening and chronic pain?
Which joint condition is characterized by stiffening and chronic pain?
What is the expected motion test for the ankle during a physical examination?
What is the expected motion test for the ankle during a physical examination?
Which of the following best describes the waddling gait seen in pregnant women?
Which of the following best describes the waddling gait seen in pregnant women?
Which of the following describes a condition where pain and stiffness in the joints worsen in the morning and improve with activity?
Which of the following describes a condition where pain and stiffness in the joints worsen in the morning and improve with activity?
Which patient scenario represents the highest risk for developing osteoporosis?
Which patient scenario represents the highest risk for developing osteoporosis?
What term describes a situation when stiffness or fixation occurs in a joint?
What term describes a situation when stiffness or fixation occurs in a joint?
Which of the following statements about rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is incorrect?
Among the following, which patient is least likely to be at risk for osteoporosis?
Among the following, which patient is least likely to be at risk for osteoporosis?
Which of these options describes a symptom of osteoarthritis (OA) as opposed to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Which of these options describes a symptom of osteoarthritis (OA) as opposed to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
What is characterized by the misalignment of one or more bones within a joint?
What is characterized by the misalignment of one or more bones within a joint?
In which scenario would a patient's risk for osteoporosis likely be underestimated?
In which scenario would a patient's risk for osteoporosis likely be underestimated?
Flashcards
Synovial joint
Synovial joint
A type of joint that allows for movement, characterized by a fluid-filled cavity and a lining called the synovial membrane.
Nonsynovial joint
Nonsynovial joint
A type of joint that does not have a fluid-filled cavity and allows for limited movement, such as the joints between bones in the skull.
Ligament
Ligament
A tough, fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone, providing stability and limiting excessive movement.
Bursa
Bursa
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Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
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Osteoporosis risk in older adults
Osteoporosis risk in older adults
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Family history and osteoporosis risk
Family history and osteoporosis risk
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Bone health recommendations
Bone health recommendations
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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for osteoporosis
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for osteoporosis
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Functional assessment in osteoporosis
Functional assessment in osteoporosis
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Pes Planus
Pes Planus
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Ortolani Maneuver
Ortolani Maneuver
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Kyphosis
Kyphosis
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Lordosis
Lordosis
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Scoliosis
Scoliosis
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Frozen Shoulder
Frozen Shoulder
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Olecranon Bursitis
Olecranon Bursitis
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Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
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Ganglion Cyst
Ganglion Cyst
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Dupuytren's Contracture
Dupuytren's Contracture
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What is a characteristic symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a characteristic symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?
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Who is at a higher risk for developing osteoporosis?
Who is at a higher risk for developing osteoporosis?
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What is ankylosis?
What is ankylosis?
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What is dislocation?
What is dislocation?
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What is subluxation?
What is subluxation?
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What is a contracture?
What is a contracture?
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What is arthritis?
What is arthritis?
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What is osteoporosis?
What is osteoporosis?
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Ankylosis
Ankylosis
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Congenital Dislocated Hip
Congenital Dislocated Hip
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Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida
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Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
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Why athletes might hide injuries
Why athletes might hide injuries
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Athlete injury management
Athlete injury management
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Importance of prompt treatment for athletes
Importance of prompt treatment for athletes
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Study Notes
Musculoskeletal System
- This system comprises bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, and bursae
- Joints connect bones and allow movement
- The types of joints include synovial and nonsynovial
- Synovial joints feature cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial cavity, and ligaments
- Cartilage provides cushioning and support at joints
- Ligaments connect bone to bone
- Bursae reduce friction between moving parts
- Muscles work in pairs across joints to produce movement
- Fasciculi are muscle bundles
- Tendons connect muscle to bone
- Skeletal muscle movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, pronation, supination, circumduction, rotation, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression.
Landmarks of the Spine
- Vertebrae are marked with specific designations (C7, T1, T7, T8, T12, L1, L4, S2, Coccyx)
- Iliac crest and Posterior superior iliac spine are bony landmarks.
- Scapulae (shoulder blades) are also illustrated
Shoulder Joint
- Includes the greater tubercle, subacromial bursa, acromion of scapula, clavicle, deltoid muscle, supraspinatus muscle, glenoid fossa, and glenohumeral joint.
- Two views are shown, one of the shoulder joint and the other with the arm elevated.
Elbow Structure and Function
- The elbow comprises the medial and lateral epicondyles, olecranon process of the ulna, radiocarpal joint, midcarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joints, and interphalangeal joints.
Bones of the Hand
- Bones of the hand include the radius, ulna, carpal bones, as well as the metacarpals and phalanges.
Hip, Knee, and Ankle/Foot
- The hip includes the acetabulum, head of the femur, anterosuperior iliac spine, ischial tuberosity, and greater trochanter of femur
- The knee includes the femur, tibia, patella, suprapatellar pouch, medial and lateral menisci, cruciate ligaments, and prepatellar bursa; quadriceps muscle
- The ankle and foot include the tibiotalar joint, medial and lateral malleoli, and metatarsals. Details of the talocalcaneal interosseous ligament, calcaneus, and talus are also present
Developmental Considerations
- Infants: positional deformities (like varus, valgus, metatarsal adductus, and tibial torsion), Ortolani maneuver, Allis test are considerations
- Preschool to school-age: posture, genu varum, genu valgum, pes planus (flat feet), and gait, Trendelenburg sign are assessed.
- Adolescents: scoliosis (forward bend test).
- Pregnant women: progressive lordosis, and waddling gait
- Older adults: lengthening of arm-trunk axis, kyphosis. Activities of daily living (ADLs) are also considered.
Abnormal Findings
- Multiple Joints: Inflammatory conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis).
- Shoulders: Atrophy, dislocated shoulder, joint effusion, tear of the rotator cuff, frozen shoulder, and subacromial bursitis are problematic
- Elbow: olecranon bursitis, gouty arthritis, and epicondylitis.
- Wrist and Hand: ganglion cyst, carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren’s contracture, and swan-neck/boutonniere deformities
- Knee: mild synovitis, prepatellar bursitis, swelling of menisci, and Osgood-Schlatter disease.
- Ankle and Foot: Achilles tenosynovitis, tophi with chronic gout, acute gout, hallux valgus, bunion, hammer toes, callus, ingrown toenail, and plantar wart
- Spine: scoliosis, functional, and structural abnormalities; congenital abnormalities such as dislocated hip, clubfoot, and spina bifida
Promoting Health in Relation to Osteoporosis
- Factors for risk include: gender, age, postmenopausal state, ethnocultural background, lifestyle choices, and family history
- Recommendations focus on risk assessments, bone mineral density (BMD) testing for those over 50, and testing for women over 65; those with a family history of hip fractures or prolonged use of glucocorticoids are also at elevated risk
- Treatment options include hormone replacement therapy (HRT) but carry potential risks for breast cancer and myocardial infarction. Alternative therapies include exercise and diet. Other medical options and supplements are also mentioned.
Subjective Data: Health History
- Joints: Pain, stiffness, swelling, heat, and redness, limitation of movement
- Muscles: Pain (cramps), weakness
- Bones: Pain, deformity, and trauma (fractures, sprains, and dislocations)
- Other Factors: Functional assessment (activities of daily living) and self-care behaviors
Additional Health History Questions
- Infants and children: birth trauma, anoxia, milestones, bone injuries, and deformities
- Adolescents: athletics, sports equipment, warming up, injury management, and time management
- Older adults: weakness, injury, and mobility
Objective Data: Physical Exam
- Preparation: Screening, complete musculoskeletal examination, and equipment needed (tape measure, skin marking pen)
- Order of Examination: Inspection (size and contour of joint, skin and tissues over joint, skin temperature), palpation (muscles, bony articulations), range of motion, and muscle testing with opposing force, grading.
- Specific Joint Exams: Temporomandibular joint, cervical spine, shoulders, wrist and hand, elbow, hip, and ankle/foot detailed examinations are included
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Description
Test your knowledge on osteoporosis, joint health, and related conditions. Explore key factors that contribute to these issues, their symptoms, and important recommendations for health. Perfect for healthcare students and professionals.
