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Questions and Answers
What is the main method for diagnosing osteoporosis?
Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?
What is the action of Bisphosphonates in treating osteoporosis?
Which joints are most commonly affected in rheumatoid arthritis?
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What is the primary action of methotrexate in treating rheumatoid arthritis?
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Which medication is an example of a COX2 inhibitor?
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What is the primary action of opioids and opioid analgesics?
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What is the primary risk factor for degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis)?
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What is the antidote for opioids and opioid analgesics in case of overdose?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis)?
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Study Notes
Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Risk Factors
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the main method for diagnosing osteoporosis, measuring bone mineral density.
- Advanced age is a significant risk factor for osteoporosis, increasing susceptibility to bone density loss.
- Other risk factors include gender (female), family history, low body weight, and certain medications.
Osteoporosis Treatment
- Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, contributing to increased bone density and reduced fracture risk.
- Common bisphosphonates include alendronate and risedronate.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Joints commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis include the wrists, fingers, knees, and toes, often leading to inflammation and pain.
- Methotrexate acts as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, reducing inflammation and slowing disease progression.
Pain Management Medications
- COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, target the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme, reducing pain and inflammation while preserving gastrointestinal mucosa.
- Opioids and opioid analgesics primarily act by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, altering pain perception.
Osteoarthritis Insights
- The primary risk factor for degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) is aging, with mechanical wear and tear on joints contributing significantly.
- Common symptoms of osteoarthritis include joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly after periods of inactivity.
Opioid Overdose Management
- Naloxone is the antidote for opioid and opioid analgesic overdose, rapidly reversing effects and restoring normal respiratory function.
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Description
Test your knowledge about osteoporosis with this quiz. Learn about its definition, symptoms, diagnosis, risk factors, and medications used to treat this metabolic bone disease.
