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Questions and Answers
Which structure does the glenoid fossa articulate with?
Which structure does the glenoid fossa articulate with?
The scapula has four borders.
The scapula has four borders.
False
Name one of the three processes of the scapula.
Name one of the three processes of the scapula.
Coracoid process, Acromion, or Spine
The ____ is the most subcutaneous part of the scapula.
The ____ is the most subcutaneous part of the scapula.
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Match the following parts of the humerus with their descriptions:
Match the following parts of the humerus with their descriptions:
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Which of the following fossae is NOT found on the scapula?
Which of the following fossae is NOT found on the scapula?
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The joint formed between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle is known as the glenohumeral joint.
The joint formed between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle is known as the glenohumeral joint.
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How many angles does the scapula have?
How many angles does the scapula have?
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The humerus is classified as a ____ bone.
The humerus is classified as a ____ bone.
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Which of the following condyles of the humerus is rounded and convex?
Which of the following condyles of the humerus is rounded and convex?
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The anteromedial surface of the humerus is one of the three surfaces of the shaft.
The anteromedial surface of the humerus is one of the three surfaces of the shaft.
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What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus?
What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus?
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The humerus articulates distally with the ______ and ______ forming the elbow joint.
The humerus articulates distally with the ______ and ______ forming the elbow joint.
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Match the following parts of the humerus with their corresponding functions:
Match the following parts of the humerus with their corresponding functions:
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What type of injury in young people commonly results in a fracture of the greater tubercle?
What type of injury in young people commonly results in a fracture of the greater tubercle?
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The spiral (radial) groove is located on the anterior surface of the humerus.
The spiral (radial) groove is located on the anterior surface of the humerus.
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What is the most common type of fracture in the surgical neck of the humerus?
What is the most common type of fracture in the surgical neck of the humerus?
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The smooth surface on the anterolateral side of the humerus marked by the __________ is crucial for muscle attachment.
The smooth surface on the anterolateral side of the humerus marked by the __________ is crucial for muscle attachment.
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What separates the two tubercles of the humerus?
What separates the two tubercles of the humerus?
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What best describes the correct anatomical position?
What best describes the correct anatomical position?
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The terms left and right in anatomical position refer to the observer's side.
The terms left and right in anatomical position refer to the observer's side.
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Where does Bruce experience pain due to gallbladder problems?
Where does Bruce experience pain due to gallbladder problems?
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If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened?
If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened?
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The __ peritoneum surrounds organs and the __ peritoneum lines the __.
The __ peritoneum surrounds organs and the __ peritoneum lines the __.
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Which membrane allows organs to slide across each other?
Which membrane allows organs to slide across each other?
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A transverse section would separate the body into upper and lower parts.
A transverse section would separate the body into upper and lower parts.
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Match the following body cavities with their correct descriptions:
Match the following body cavities with their correct descriptions:
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What region would you expect to find pain associated with the gallbladder?
What region would you expect to find pain associated with the gallbladder?
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The function of the peritoneum is to __.
The function of the peritoneum is to __.
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Which part of a metacarpal bone is known to be rounded and articulates with the proximal phalanx?
Which part of a metacarpal bone is known to be rounded and articulates with the proximal phalanx?
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The phalanges of the thumb are the same length as those of the other fingers.
The phalanges of the thumb are the same length as those of the other fingers.
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How many phalanges are present in each hand?
How many phalanges are present in each hand?
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The base of the metacarpal bone has a concave oval appearance and articulates with the rounded head of the __________.
The base of the metacarpal bone has a concave oval appearance and articulates with the rounded head of the __________.
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Match the following types of fractures with their descriptions:
Match the following types of fractures with their descriptions:
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What is the composition of the phalanges in each hand?
What is the composition of the phalanges in each hand?
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What type of joint is formed between the ulna and humerus at the elbow?
What type of joint is formed between the ulna and humerus at the elbow?
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The radial notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
The radial notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
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Name the process of the ulna that enters into the coronoid fossa of the humerus during full flexion.
Name the process of the ulna that enters into the coronoid fossa of the humerus during full flexion.
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The ulna is cylindrical and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and __________.
The ulna is cylindrical and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and __________.
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Match the following components of the forearm with their descriptions:
Match the following components of the forearm with their descriptions:
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Which fracture is described as a transverse fracture within the distal 2 cm of the radius?
Which fracture is described as a transverse fracture within the distal 2 cm of the radius?
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The styloid process of the ulna is longer than that of the radius.
The styloid process of the ulna is longer than that of the radius.
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What are the three types of bones that make up the hand?
What are the three types of bones that make up the hand?
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The distal end of the ulna has a small rounded head connected to the shaft by the ________.
The distal end of the ulna has a small rounded head connected to the shaft by the ________.
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How many carpal bones are there in the human wrist?
How many carpal bones are there in the human wrist?
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Study Notes
Scapula
- Features include a head and neck, with the glenoid fossa situated between the supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles.
Anatomical Characteristics
-
Processes:
- Coracoid process
- Acromion
- Spine
-
Borders:
- Medial (vertebral) border: Thin, located between inferior and superior angles.
- Lateral (axillary) border: Thicker, extends from the infraglenoid tubercle.
- Superior border: Thin, sharp, and the shortest border.
-
Angles:
- Superior angle
- Inferior angle
- Lateral angle
-
Fossae:
- Subscapular fossa
- Supraspinous fossa
- Infraspinous fossa
- Glenoid fossa (cavity)
Articulations
- Scapula articulates with clavicle (at the acromioclavicular joint) and humerus (forming the glenohumeral joint).
Fractures
- Scapular fractures are uncommon due to muscular and thoracic wall protection, most frequently involving the acromion.
Humerus
- A long bone that allows a wide range of movement, transmits forces down the upper limb, and provides muscle attachments.
Proximal End Features
- Composed of a head, anatomical and surgical necks, and greater and lesser tubercles.
- Head: Hemispherical and smooth.
- Anatomical neck: Sits between the head and tubercles; surgical neck is located distally.
Shaft Characteristics
- Cylindrical shape with three indistinct borders (anterior, medial, lateral) and three surfaces (anteromedial, anterolateral, posterior).
- Deltoid tuberosity located on the anterolateral surface; spiral groove crosses posteriorly.
Distal End Features
- Expanded laterally into medial and lateral supracondylar ridges, ending in medial and lateral epicondyles for muscle attachment.
- Houses two condyles: Capitulum (rounded, lateral) and Trochlea (grooved, medial).
- Contains three fossae:
- Coronoid fossa for the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion.
- Radial fossa for the head of the radius during flexion.
- Olecranon fossa for the olecranon process of the ulna during extension.
Articulation
- Proximal head articulates with the scapula, forming the glenohumeral joint.
- Distal end articulates with ulna and radius, constituting the elbow joint.
Fractures
- Common at the surgical neck in the elderly and at the greater tubercle in younger individuals.
- Body fractures can result from direct blows or falling on an outstretched hand.
Ulna Characteristics
- Proximal end features include the trochlear notch (articulates with the humerus) and radial notch (articulates with radius).
- The shaft is cylindrical and narrows towards the distal end.
- Distal end includes a small rounded head and a styloid process.
Joint Articulations
- Forms the elbow joint with the humerus and participates in proximal and distal radio-ulna joints, allowing for pronation and supination.
Fractures of Ulna and Radius
- Colles’ fracture is a common injury characterized by a transverse fracture of the distal radius.
Bones of the Hand
- Comprises carpals (wrist), metacarpals (palm), and phalanges (fingers).
Carpal Bones
- Eight wrist bones arranged in two rows of four.
- Each metacarpal consists of a base, shaft, and rounded head, with unique shapes.
Phalanges
- Comprise 14 bones in each hand: three for fingers (2nd to 5th digits) and two for the thumb.
- Each phalanx has a base, shaft, and head, facilitating articulation between adjacent phalanges.
Fractures in the Hand
- Metacarpal fractures (Boxer's fracture) typically occur at the neck of the 1st and 2nd metacarpals.
- Phalanx fractures often arise from crushing injuries and can be painful due to nerve involvement.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomical features of the scapula. This quiz covers the various processes, borders, and tubercles associated with this important bone. Perfect for students studying osteology or anatomy.
