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Osteology: Scapula Anatomy
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Osteology: Scapula Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

Which structure does the glenoid fossa articulate with?

  • Ulna
  • Humerus (correct)
  • Radius
  • Clavicle

    • The scapula has four borders.

    False

    Name one of the three processes of the scapula.

    Coracoid process, Acromion, or Spine

    The ____ is the most subcutaneous part of the scapula.

    <p>acromion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the humerus with their descriptions:

    <p>Greater tubercle = Large and projects on the lateral margin Lesser tubercle = Small and projects anteriorly Anatomical neck = Formed by a groove separating the head from tubercles Surgical neck = Narrow part distal to the tubercles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fossae is NOT found on the scapula?

    <p>Radial fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The joint formed between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle is known as the glenohumeral joint.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many angles does the scapula have?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The humerus is classified as a ____ bone.

    <p>long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following condyles of the humerus is rounded and convex?

    <p>Capitulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anteromedial surface of the humerus is one of the three surfaces of the shaft.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus?

    <p>It serves as the attachment point for the deltoid muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The humerus articulates distally with the ______ and ______ forming the elbow joint.

    <p>ulna, radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the humerus with their corresponding functions:

    <p>Coronoid fossa = Accommodates the coronoid process of ulna Radial fossa = Articulates with the head of radius Olecranon fossa = Articulates with the olecranon process of ulna Capitulum = Articulates with the head of radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of injury in young people commonly results in a fracture of the greater tubercle?

    <p>Fall on the point of the shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spiral (radial) groove is located on the anterior surface of the humerus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of fracture in the surgical neck of the humerus?

    <p>Fracture due to osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The smooth surface on the anterolateral side of the humerus marked by the __________ is crucial for muscle attachment.

    <p>deltoid tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the two tubercles of the humerus?

    <p>Intertubercular groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the correct anatomical position?

    <p>Hands are at the sides, palms facing forward, feet together, eyes straight ahead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The terms left and right in anatomical position refer to the observer's side.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Bruce experience pain due to gallbladder problems?

    <p>right upper quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened?

    <p>The pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __ peritoneum surrounds organs and the __ peritoneum lines the __.

    <p>visceral; parietal; abdominopelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which membrane allows organs to slide across each other?

    <p>Visceral peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A transverse section would separate the body into upper and lower parts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following body cavities with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Pleural cavity = Contains the lungs Pericardial cavity = Surrounds the heart Dorsal cavity = Contains the brain and spinal cord Abdominopelvic cavity = Houses digestive and reproductive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What region would you expect to find pain associated with the gallbladder?

    <p>right upper quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The function of the peritoneum is to __.

    <p>allow organs to slide across each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a metacarpal bone is known to be rounded and articulates with the proximal phalanx?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phalanges of the thumb are the same length as those of the other fingers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phalanges are present in each hand?

    <p>Fourteen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The base of the metacarpal bone has a concave oval appearance and articulates with the rounded head of the __________.

    <p>proximal phalanx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of fractures with their descriptions:

    <p>Boxer's fracture = Fracture of the neck of the 1st &amp; 2nd metacarpals Multiple metacarpal fracture = Crushing injury leading to hand instability Distal phalanx fracture = Usually comminuted and develops painful hematoma Phalangeal fracture = Resulting from fingers caught in a car door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the phalanges in each hand?

    <p>Three for each finger, two for the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is formed between the ulna and humerus at the elbow?

    <p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The radial notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the process of the ulna that enters into the coronoid fossa of the humerus during full flexion.

    <p>Coronoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ulna is cylindrical and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and __________.

    <p>medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the forearm with their descriptions:

    <p>Coronoid process = Projects anteriorly and forms the inferior part of the trochlear notch Trochlear notch = Articulates with the trochlea of the humerus Radial notch = Articulates with the head of the radius Olecranon process = Enters the olecranon fossa during full extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fracture is described as a transverse fracture within the distal 2 cm of the radius?

    <p>Colle’s fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The styloid process of the ulna is longer than that of the radius.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of bones that make up the hand?

    <p>Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The distal end of the ulna has a small rounded head connected to the shaft by the ________.

    <p>neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many carpal bones are there in the human wrist?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scapula

    • Features include a head and neck, with the glenoid fossa situated between the supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles.

    Anatomical Characteristics

    • Processes:

      • Coracoid process
      • Acromion
      • Spine

    • Borders:

      • Medial (vertebral) border: Thin, located between inferior and superior angles.
      • Lateral (axillary) border: Thicker, extends from the infraglenoid tubercle.
      • Superior border: Thin, sharp, and the shortest border.

    • Angles:

      • Superior angle
      • Inferior angle
      • Lateral angle

    • Fossae:

      • Subscapular fossa
      • Supraspinous fossa
      • Infraspinous fossa
      • Glenoid fossa (cavity)

    Articulations

    • Scapula articulates with clavicle (at the acromioclavicular joint) and humerus (forming the glenohumeral joint).

    Fractures

    • Scapular fractures are uncommon due to muscular and thoracic wall protection, most frequently involving the acromion.

    Humerus

    • A long bone that allows a wide range of movement, transmits forces down the upper limb, and provides muscle attachments.

    Proximal End Features

    • Composed of a head, anatomical and surgical necks, and greater and lesser tubercles.
    • Head: Hemispherical and smooth.
    • Anatomical neck: Sits between the head and tubercles; surgical neck is located distally.

    Shaft Characteristics

    • Cylindrical shape with three indistinct borders (anterior, medial, lateral) and three surfaces (anteromedial, anterolateral, posterior).
    • Deltoid tuberosity located on the anterolateral surface; spiral groove crosses posteriorly.

    Distal End Features

    • Expanded laterally into medial and lateral supracondylar ridges, ending in medial and lateral epicondyles for muscle attachment.
    • Houses two condyles: Capitulum (rounded, lateral) and Trochlea (grooved, medial).
    • Contains three fossae:
      • Coronoid fossa for the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion.
      • Radial fossa for the head of the radius during flexion.
      • Olecranon fossa for the olecranon process of the ulna during extension.

    Articulation

    • Proximal head articulates with the scapula, forming the glenohumeral joint.
    • Distal end articulates with ulna and radius, constituting the elbow joint.

    Fractures

    • Common at the surgical neck in the elderly and at the greater tubercle in younger individuals.
    • Body fractures can result from direct blows or falling on an outstretched hand.

    Ulna Characteristics

    • Proximal end features include the trochlear notch (articulates with the humerus) and radial notch (articulates with radius).
    • The shaft is cylindrical and narrows towards the distal end.
    • Distal end includes a small rounded head and a styloid process.

    Joint Articulations

    • Forms the elbow joint with the humerus and participates in proximal and distal radio-ulna joints, allowing for pronation and supination.

    Fractures of Ulna and Radius

    • Colles’ fracture is a common injury characterized by a transverse fracture of the distal radius.

    Bones of the Hand

    • Comprises carpals (wrist), metacarpals (palm), and phalanges (fingers).

    Carpal Bones

    • Eight wrist bones arranged in two rows of four.
    • Each metacarpal consists of a base, shaft, and rounded head, with unique shapes.

    Phalanges

    • Comprise 14 bones in each hand: three for fingers (2nd to 5th digits) and two for the thumb.
    • Each phalanx has a base, shaft, and head, facilitating articulation between adjacent phalanges.

    Fractures in the Hand

    • Metacarpal fractures (Boxer's fracture) typically occur at the neck of the 1st and 2nd metacarpals.
    • Phalanx fractures often arise from crushing injuries and can be painful due to nerve involvement.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomical features of the scapula. This quiz covers the various processes, borders, and tubercles associated with this important bone. Perfect for students studying osteology or anatomy.

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