Osmotic Pressure and Semipermeable Membranes
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the concentration of the solvent on both sides of the semipermeable membrane during osmosis?

  • The concentration remains the same on both sides
  • The concentration decreases on both sides
  • The concentration increases on the pure solvent side
  • The concentration increases on the solution side (correct)
  • What is the pressure required to counter the flow of solvent molecules through the semipermeable membrane during osmosis?

  • Osmotic pressure (correct)
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Vapor pressure
  • Partial pressure
  • According to the given equation, what is the relationship between the osmotic pressure (π), the solute molarity (M), the absolute temperature (T), and the universal gas constant (R)?

  • π = M^2RT
  • π = RT/M
  • π = MRT (correct)
  • π = M/RT
  • What is the value of the universal gas constant (R) used in the equation for osmotic pressure?

    <p>0.08206 L-atm/mol-K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the osmotic pressure (in atm) of a 0.30 M solution of glucose in water at 37 °C?

    <p>7.29 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying pressure to a solution to counter the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>To prevent the flow of solvent molecules through the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nonvolatile substance?

    <p>A substance with negligible vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a solution with only nonvolatile solutes, where does the vapor pressure come from?

    <p>Solvent only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Raoult's law describe?

    <p>Vapor pressure above a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>Movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In osmosis, where does the solvent move?

    <p>From low concentration to high concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the direction of solvent flow in osmosis?

    <p>Solvent concentration difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the osmotic pressure (atm) of a solution with a volume of 0.750 L and contains 5.0 g of methanol, CH3OH, in water at 37°C?

    <p>5.3 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molar mass of the organic polymer in a 202-ml benzene solution containing 2.47 g with an osmotic pressure of 8.63 mmHg at 21°C?

    <p>95 g/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vapor pressure lowering of a solution made by dissolving 82.4 g of urea CO(NH2)2 in 212.0 ml of water at 35°C?

    <p>23.7 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the molecular weight of a nonvolatile compound dissolved in 0.200 kg of benzene that boils at 81.2°C. Boiling point constant for benzene: 2.53 °C/m.

    <p>128 g/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of ethylene glycol (formula mass = 62.1 g/mol) needed to be added to 5.0 L of water to produce a solution freezing at -18.3°C? Assume water density is 1 g/mL.

    <p>103 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the molecular weight of an unknown compound is 78 g/mol, what is its molarity in a 250 ml solution that exerts an osmotic pressure of 6.8 mmHg at 30°C?

    <p>0.24 M</p> Signup and view all the answers

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