Osmotic Pressure and Semipermeable Membranes

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What happens to the concentration of the solvent on both sides of the semipermeable membrane during osmosis?

The concentration remains the same on both sides

The concentration decreases on both sides

The concentration increases on the pure solvent side

The concentration increases on the solution side (correct)

What is the pressure required to counter the flow of solvent molecules through the semipermeable membrane during osmosis?

Osmotic pressure (correct)

Atmospheric pressure

Vapor pressure

Partial pressure

According to the given equation, what is the relationship between the osmotic pressure (π), the solute molarity (M), the absolute temperature (T), and the universal gas constant (R)?

π = M^2RT

π = RT/M

π = MRT (correct)

π = M/RT

What is the value of the universal gas constant (R) used in the equation for osmotic pressure?

0.08206 L-atm/mol-K Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmotic pressure (in atm) of a 0.30 M solution of glucose in water at 37 °C?

7.29 atm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying pressure to a solution to counter the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane?

To prevent the flow of solvent molecules through the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonvolatile substance?

A substance with negligible vapor pressure Signup and view all the answers

In a solution with only nonvolatile solutes, where does the vapor pressure come from?

Solvent only Signup and view all the answers

What does Raoult's law describe?

Vapor pressure above a solution Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis?

Movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane Signup and view all the answers

In osmosis, where does the solvent move?

From low concentration to high concentration Signup and view all the answers

What determines the direction of solvent flow in osmosis?

Solvent concentration difference Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmotic pressure (atm) of a solution with a volume of 0.750 L and contains 5.0 g of methanol, CH3OH, in water at 37°C?

5.3 atm Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of the organic polymer in a 202-ml benzene solution containing 2.47 g with an osmotic pressure of 8.63 mmHg at 21°C?

95 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

What is the vapor pressure lowering of a solution made by dissolving 82.4 g of urea CO(NH2)2 in 212.0 ml of water at 35°C?

23.7 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the molecular weight of a nonvolatile compound dissolved in 0.200 kg of benzene that boils at 81.2°C. Boiling point constant for benzene: 2.53 °C/m.

128 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of ethylene glycol (formula mass = 62.1 g/mol) needed to be added to 5.0 L of water to produce a solution freezing at -18.3°C? Assume water density is 1 g/mL.

103 g Signup and view all the answers

If the molecular weight of an unknown compound is 78 g/mol, what is its molarity in a 250 ml solution that exerts an osmotic pressure of 6.8 mmHg at 30°C?

0.24 M Signup and view all the answers