Osmotic Diuretics: Mechanism and Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is the main effect of prolonged use of mannitol beyond a urine volume of 100 mL/hr?

  • Increase intracellular volume
  • Decrease extracellular volume
  • Alter Starling forces causing water to leave cells (correct)
  • Promote dehydration
  • Which adverse effect is associated with osmotic diuretics?

  • Hypernatremia (correct)
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypertension
  • Which condition can be treated by the use of mannitol to reduce intracranial pressure?

  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Neurologic conditions (correct)
  • Heart failure
  • Hypertension
  • What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?

    <p>Regulate body's water balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Desmopressin' is useful in treating which condition related to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Neurogenic diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do osmotic diuretics act in the kidney?

    <p>Ascending limb of the loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are osmotic diuretics excreted from the body?

    <p>Excreted by glomerular filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is considered an ADH antagonist?

    <p>Conivaptan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is considered the prototype of osmotic diuretics?

    <p>Mannitol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of osmotic diuretics on Na+ excretion?

    <p>Increases Na+ excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical application of Mannitol?

    <p>Maintenance of urine volume in anuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would benefit from treatment with Mannitol as an osmotic diuretic?

    <p>Acute glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic remains in the lumen and 'holds' water by virtue of their osmotic effect?

    <p>Osmotic diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse effect associated with potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect associated with spironolactone or eplerenone?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can be effectively treated with potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone?

    <p>Hyperaldosteronism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic has been shown to reduce myocardial perfusion defects after a myocardial infarction, leading to a 15% decrease in mortality rate?

    <p>Eplerenone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of osmotic diuretics?

    <p>Staying in the lumen and holding water osmotically</p> Signup and view all the answers

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