w4 Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of most orthopedic injuries?

  • Chemical agents
  • Metabolic process
  • Physical force (correct)
  • Biologic agents
  • Which type of trauma is classified as acute and results from large insults?

  • Friction injury
  • Microtrauma
  • Cyclic loading injury
  • Impact injury (correct)
  • What happens during ultrastuctural changes in orthopedic trauma?

  • Cell contents spill out into extracellular space (correct)
  • Decrease in cellular organelles
  • Increase in cellular membrane stability
  • Cells multiply rapidly
  • Which type of injury is caused by low-grade stress over time?

    <p>Microtrauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hemodynamic changes in response to trauma?

    <p>To transport defense components of the blood to the injury site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of chemical mediators at the site of injury?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic process is activated in response to cell hypoxia?

    <p>Anaerobic metabolism (Glycolysis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of increased permeability in small blood vessels?

    <p>To allow leucocytes to move to the injury site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of macrophages in the immune response?

    <p>Defending the body against foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs once leukocytes have moved outside the vascular wall?

    <p>Concentration-limited migration occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to cell swelling and eventual bursting?

    <p>Cell hypoxia requiring ATP energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelets within a clot during the hemostasis phase of repair?

    <p>Release chemical mediators to signal healing activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of repair consists of events such as angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and wound contraction?

    <p>Proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main dependence of the lymphatic system for fluid movement?

    <p>External force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of repair involves developing a membranous tissue covering over exposed tissue or organs?

    <p>Epithelialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows the hemostasis phase in the process of repair?

    <p>Macrophages scavenging cellular debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What promotes lymphatic drainage and hastens healing during the cellular phase of repair?

    <p>Moderate activity and manual massage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary actor in the wound contraction process during the proliferation phase of repair?

    <p>Myofibroblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the presence of more myofibroblasts lead to a smaller scar?

    <p>Reduced collagen needed for wound closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins found in myofibroblasts facilitate wound contraction?

    <p>Actin and myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the collapsing of the capillary arcade during the remodeling phase of repair?

    <p>Scar becomes paler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does restructuring of collagen during the remodeling phase lead to a smaller scar?

    <p>Compression of capillary arcade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell is primarily responsible for restructuring collagen in the scar during the remodeling phase?

    <p>Fibroblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs within 2-3 minutes of initial swelling after hemorrhaging?

    <p>Clotting stops bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pathology involves the stretching/tearing of a ligament?

    <p>Sprain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In muscle pathology, what does a Grade III tear indicate?

    <p>Complete rupture lesion with complete joint instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of tissue healing involves cellular, vascular, collagenization, and contraction/restructuring?

    <p>Regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of repair involves regeneration of injured cells by identical cells without scar formation?

    <p>Perfect reconstitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does secondary union occur?

    <p>In an area with a large incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modifier is listed as aiding in tissue healing?

    <p>Proper nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Myositis ossificans result from?

    <p>A blow causing muscle ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Grade I and Grade II ligament sprains?

    <p>Joint instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of third-degree muscle strain?

    <p>Severe tissue damage, massive bleeding, severe tear to rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

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