w4 Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of most orthopedic injuries?

  • Chemical agents
  • Metabolic process
  • Physical force (correct)
  • Biologic agents

Which type of trauma is classified as acute and results from large insults?

  • Friction injury
  • Microtrauma
  • Cyclic loading injury
  • Impact injury (correct)

What happens during ultrastuctural changes in orthopedic trauma?

  • Cell contents spill out into extracellular space (correct)
  • Decrease in cellular organelles
  • Increase in cellular membrane stability
  • Cells multiply rapidly

Which type of injury is caused by low-grade stress over time?

<p>Microtrauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hemodynamic changes in response to trauma?

<p>To transport defense components of the blood to the injury site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of chemical mediators at the site of injury?

<p>Bradykinin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic process is activated in response to cell hypoxia?

<p>Anaerobic metabolism (Glycolysis) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of increased permeability in small blood vessels?

<p>To allow leucocytes to move to the injury site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of macrophages in the immune response?

<p>Defending the body against foreign substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs once leukocytes have moved outside the vascular wall?

<p>Concentration-limited migration occurs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to cell swelling and eventual bursting?

<p>Cell hypoxia requiring ATP energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of platelets within a clot during the hemostasis phase of repair?

<p>Release chemical mediators to signal healing activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of repair consists of events such as angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and wound contraction?

<p>Proliferation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main dependence of the lymphatic system for fluid movement?

<p>External force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of repair involves developing a membranous tissue covering over exposed tissue or organs?

<p>Epithelialization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows the hemostasis phase in the process of repair?

<p>Macrophages scavenging cellular debris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What promotes lymphatic drainage and hastens healing during the cellular phase of repair?

<p>Moderate activity and manual massage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary actor in the wound contraction process during the proliferation phase of repair?

<p>Myofibroblast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the presence of more myofibroblasts lead to a smaller scar?

<p>Reduced collagen needed for wound closure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins found in myofibroblasts facilitate wound contraction?

<p>Actin and myosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the collapsing of the capillary arcade during the remodeling phase of repair?

<p>Scar becomes paler (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does restructuring of collagen during the remodeling phase lead to a smaller scar?

<p>Compression of capillary arcade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell is primarily responsible for restructuring collagen in the scar during the remodeling phase?

<p>Fibroblast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs within 2-3 minutes of initial swelling after hemorrhaging?

<p>Clotting stops bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pathology involves the stretching/tearing of a ligament?

<p>Sprain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In muscle pathology, what does a Grade III tear indicate?

<p>Complete rupture lesion with complete joint instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of tissue healing involves cellular, vascular, collagenization, and contraction/restructuring?

<p>Regeneration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of repair involves regeneration of injured cells by identical cells without scar formation?

<p>Perfect reconstitution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does secondary union occur?

<p>In an area with a large incision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which modifier is listed as aiding in tissue healing?

<p>Proper nutrition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Myositis ossificans result from?

<p>A blow causing muscle ossification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Grade I and Grade II ligament sprains?

<p>Joint instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of third-degree muscle strain?

<p>Severe tissue damage, massive bleeding, severe tear to rupture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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