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Origin of Life on Earth

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Questions and Answers

What was the key feature of the RNA World Hypothesis?

RNA could form spontaneously without enzymes or ribosomes from monomers in the prebiotic soup. (correct)

RNA could catalyze its own replication through ribozymes.

RNA could serve as a template for the formation of DNA.

RNA could replicate itself and undergo natural selection.

What is the key difference between the Hydrothermal Vent Hypothesis and the Alkaline Vent Hypothesis?

The Hydrothermal Vent Hypothesis focuses on the release of hydrocarbons, while the Alkaline Vent Hypothesis focuses on the conversion of atmospheric gas into organic molecules.

The Hydrothermal Vent Hypothesis proposes that interaction with iron underwater contributed to the production of life, while the Alkaline Vent Hypothesis does not.

The Hydrothermal Vent Hypothesis is true, while the Alkaline Vent Hypothesis is not.

The Hydrothermal Vent Hypothesis suggests that the water was too hot for life to form, while the Alkaline Vent Hypothesis proposes that the warm, high pH water led to abiogenesis. (correct)

What is the key role of ribosomes in the development of life according to the text?

Ribosomes were able to catalyze the self-replication of RNA molecules.

Ribosomes were able to produce the first eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis.

Ribosomes were able to import nutrients and export waste in the protocells.

Ribosomes came from developing protocells and were able to produce nucleotides that made self-replicating DNA. (correct)

What is the key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes according to the text?

Prokaryotes evolved from protocells, while eukaryotes evolved through endosymbiosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key evidence presented in the text for the existence of prokaryotes?

Stromatolites, which are layered sedimentary structures formed by the growth of prokaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of the protocell in the development of life according to the text?

Protocells were able to replicate the vesicles and produce ribosomes that could make DNA. Signup and view all the answers

When did the first prokaryotes emerge on Earth?

3.5 billion years ago Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial atmosphere of the early Earth composed of?

Nitrogen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What process was responsible for the formation of the first organic compounds on Earth?

Abiogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which experiment demonstrated the possibility of life forming from organic compounds?

Miller-Urey experiment Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the equal distribution of L and D enantiomers formed in the Miller-Urey experiment?

It proved that the experiment was successful Signup and view all the answers

What were the four steps involved in the formation of the first life on Earth, according to the text?

Abiogenesis, synthesis, joining, and packaging Signup and view all the answers