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Questions and Answers
What key properties of life may have appeared together within protocells?
What key properties of life may have appeared together within protocells?
- Replication and metabolism (correct)
- Growth and differentiation
- Reproduction and mutation
- Homeostasis and adaptation
A scientist discovers a new extremophile bacteria species thriving near a volcanic vent. Based on current understanding of early Earth conditions, which of the following statements is most likely true regarding this bacteria's evolutionary history?
A scientist discovers a new extremophile bacteria species thriving near a volcanic vent. Based on current understanding of early Earth conditions, which of the following statements is most likely true regarding this bacteria's evolutionary history?
- It is a result of recent contamination from another planet.
- It may resemble some of the earliest life forms on Earth, which thrived in harsh conditions. (correct)
- It shares a common ancestor with organisms that first appeared in oxygen-rich environments.
- It evolved from more complex eukaryotic organisms.
Which of the following processes is believed to have occurred during the early stages of the origin of life?
Which of the following processes is believed to have occurred during the early stages of the origin of life?
- Development of multicellular organisms.
- Formation of membrane-bound organelles.
- Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules. (correct)
- Evolution of sexual reproduction.
What is the correct order of events in the origin of life?
What is the correct order of events in the origin of life?
Which of the following geological eons is the earliest?
Which of the following geological eons is the earliest?
What is the RNA world hypothesis?
What is the RNA world hypothesis?
During which geological era did the first seed plants appear?
During which geological era did the first seed plants appear?
What is the significance of the Cambrian explosion?
What is the significance of the Cambrian explosion?
Which era is known as the "Age of Reptiles?"
Which era is known as the "Age of Reptiles?"
What characteristic of alkaline thermal vents is thought to contribute to the development of early life?
What characteristic of alkaline thermal vents is thought to contribute to the development of early life?
In the context of early Earth conditions and the origin of life, what is the significance of volcanic clay?
In the context of early Earth conditions and the origin of life, what is the significance of volcanic clay?
Which of the following statements about protocells is correct?
Which of the following statements about protocells is correct?
What role could montmorillonite clay have played in the origin of life?
What role could montmorillonite clay have played in the origin of life?
What is the primary difference between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?
What is the primary difference between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?
Which of the following characteristics is associated with the evolution of multicellularity?
Which of the following characteristics is associated with the evolution of multicellularity?
The Phanerozoic eon is divided into three eras: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and _______?
The Phanerozoic eon is divided into three eras: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and _______?
During which geological period did extensive forests of vascular plants form?
During which geological period did extensive forests of vascular plants form?
What is the significance of the concentration of atmospheric oxygen beginning to increase 2,500 million years ago?
What is the significance of the concentration of atmospheric oxygen beginning to increase 2,500 million years ago?
What environmental challenge is directly addressed by the cellular specialization observed in multicellular organisms that make defenses, such as skin?
What environmental challenge is directly addressed by the cellular specialization observed in multicellular organisms that make defenses, such as skin?
The oldest known eukayotic fossils appeared approximately when?
The oldest known eukayotic fossils appeared approximately when?
What caused the need for cells in multicellular organisms to have communication?
What caused the need for cells in multicellular organisms to have communication?
During which geological period did cone-bearing plants (gymnosperms) dominate the landscape?
During which geological period did cone-bearing plants (gymnosperms) dominate the landscape?
During which geological period did flowering plants (angiosperms) appear and diversify?
During which geological period did flowering plants (angiosperms) appear and diversify?
What key innovation is associated with the lineage leading to animals, plants and fungi?
What key innovation is associated with the lineage leading to animals, plants and fungi?
What key innovation is associated with Eukarya?
What key innovation is associated with Eukarya?
During which geological period did the sudden increase in diversity of many animal phyla (Cambrian explosion) occur?
During which geological period did the sudden increase in diversity of many animal phyla (Cambrian explosion) occur?
Which of the following is a reason that multicellularity evolved?
Which of the following is a reason that multicellularity evolved?
Approximately when did the oldest fossils of cells (prokaryotes) appear?
Approximately when did the oldest fossils of cells (prokaryotes) appear?
Which of the following characteristics must be present for a cell to be classified as Eukaryote?
Which of the following characteristics must be present for a cell to be classified as Eukaryote?
Flashcards
What is abiotic synthesis?
What is abiotic synthesis?
The synthesis of small organic molecules from non-biological sources.
What are protocells?
What are protocells?
The packaging of molecules into membrane-bound vesicles.
Self-replicating molecules.
Self-replicating molecules.
Molecules that can self-replicate, such as RNA.
Replication and metabolism
Replication and metabolism
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Membrane-like structure
Membrane-like structure
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Hadean, Archaean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic
Hadean, Archaean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic
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Archaean
Archaean
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Cambrian explosion
Cambrian explosion
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Ediacaran
Ediacaran
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Origin of Earth
Origin of Earth
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Miocene
Miocene
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How multicellularity works
How multicellularity works
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Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
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Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria
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Study Notes
- Early Earth conditions made the origin of life possible
Stages of Early Cells
- Chemical and physical processes on early Earth may have produced very simple cells by abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules
- Small organic molecules joined into macromolecules like on volcanic clay
- Packaging of molecules into protocells
- Origin of self-replicating molecules, so early lift was RNA based
Protocells
- Formed from fluid-filled vesicles with a membrane-like structure
- Lipids and other organic molecules in water spontaneously form vesicles with a lipid bilayer
- Protocells absorb molecules in a small space (vesicle?)
- Replication and metabolism are key properties of life and may have appeared together in protocells
Geological Record
- The geologic record is divided into the Hadean, Archaean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic eons
- The Phanerozoic eon includes the last half billion years
- The Phanerozoic is divided into three eras: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic
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