Origin of Life and Evolution Quiz

Cellulose = Component of plant cell walls Chitin = Component of fungal cell walls Peptidoglycan = Component of bacterial cell walls Glycocalyx = Sugar coat on the outside of animal cells

Flagella = Can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Cilia = Primarily found in eukaryotic cells

Peptidoglycan = Major component of bacterial cell walls providing structural support Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) = Outer membrane component in Gram-negative bacteria contributing to pathogenicity Teichoic acid = Polymer found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria Porins = Proteins in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria facilitating transport

<p>Coccus = Spherical shape Bacillus = Rod-shaped Spirillum = Spiral-shaped Vibrio = Curved rod shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rod-shaped bacterium = Long and cylindrical in shape Spherical bacterium = Round shape Spiral bacterium = Curved or spiral shape Bacillus coagulans (TEM) = Thin section through a bacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoid = Region where single circular chromosome is found Ribosomes = Protein synthesis Plasma membrane = Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell Bacterial chromosome = Main genetic material of a prokaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella = Usually one or two per cell Cilia = Numerous per cell, covering the entire surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule = Protective layer outside the cell wall Cell wall = Maintains the shape of a prokaryotic cell Cytoplasm = Surrounded by plasma membrane and cell wall Plasma membrane = Protects the contents of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater metabolic capabilities than more complex organisms = Prokaryotic cells are highly adaptable to various environments Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success = Ability to thrive in diverse and extreme conditions Halophiles = Require high salt concentrations to grow Thermoacidophiles = Thrive in extremely hot, acidic environments like hot springs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First living cells were prokaryotes found in rocks 3.5 billion years old = Earliest evidence of prokaryotic life on Earth Conditions on early Earth very different from today = Environmental factors that shaped early life forms No nucleus in prokaryotic cells—single circular chromosome found in nucleoid = Characteristic feature of prokaryotes No membrane-bounded organelles in prokaryotic cells = Simplicity of prokaryotic cellular structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose = A structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls Chitin = A structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods Peptidoglycan = A component of bacterial cell walls Collagen = A protein component of animal connective tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella = Found in prokaryotic cells like bacteria Cilia = Found in some eukaryotic cells for functions like moving mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan = Most bacteria have this component in their cell walls Cellulose = Plant cells have this as a major component of their cell walls Chitin = Arthropods like insects and crustaceans have this component in their exoskeletons Collagen = Animal cells do not have a rigid cell wall like plants or bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacilli = Rod-shaped prokaryotic cells Cocci = Spherical prokaryotic cells Spirilla or Spirochetes = Prokaryotic cells with spiral or helical shapes Plasmids = Extrachromosomal DNA found in some bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose = Provides structural support and protection in plant cells Chitin = Offers rigidity and protection in arthropod exoskeletons Peptidoglycan = Helps maintain cell shape and prevent bursting in bacterial cells Collagen = Contributes to the strength and flexibility of animal tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chains or Bunches = Some prokaryotic cells form these structures 0.5–5 µm Size Range = Typical size of prokaryotic cells, much smaller than eukaryotic cells Flagella but No Cilia = Motile prokaryotic cells commonly possess flagella but lack cilia Flagella but No Membrane-Bounded Organelles = Prokaryotic cells have flagella for movement but lack organelles like those in eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers