Organochlorines: Properties and Applications Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary way in which Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) curb infestations?

  • By directly killing insects upon contact
  • By causing insects to stop feeding immediately
  • By targeting an insect's nervous system
  • By disrupting the insect's moulting process (correct)

    • How long does it typically take for insects to die after being exposed to Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)?

  • Within 3 to 10 days (correct)
  • Around 2 weeks
  • Within a few hours
  • Within a day

    • What distinguishes Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) from traditional insecticides in terms of their effect on insects?

  • IGRs interfere with insect moulting and reproduction (correct)
  • IGRs target the insect's nervous system
  • IGRs do not affect the insect's feeding behavior
  • IGRs cause immediate death upon contact

    • Which of the following best describes the role of Hormonal IGRs in disrupting larval development?

    <p>Prematurely moulting young immature stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of Hormonal IGRs on eggs?

    <p>Causing egg sterility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) considered more worker-friendly within closed environments compared to traditional insecticides?

    <p>They do not affect an insect's nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of pyrethroids?

    <p>Preventing closure of voltage-gated sodium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are pyrethroids broken down in the environment?

    <p>By sunlight and atmospheric processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do pyrethroids have on the sodium channels in axonal membranes?

    <p>Prevent repolarization of nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the efficacy of pyrethroids be increased?

    <p>Adding a known inhibitor of key enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is crucial in creating a favorable pathway for sodium ions to pass through the axonal membrane?

    <p>Tiny hole in the hydrophilic interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do early pyrethroids differ from pyrethrin I and II?

    <p>Modification in the alcohol group of the ester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for pyrethroids being less toxic in mammals compared to insects and fish?

    <p>Mammals have an enzyme that can break down pyrethroids quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following invertebrates is significantly affected by pyrethroids at extremely small levels?

    <p>Mayflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide?

    <p>Red imported fire ant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a group of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides and are synthetic pyrethroids?

    <p>Allethrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for pyrethroids being found in the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment facilities in California?

    <p>They are resistant to secondary treatment systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following household insecticides contains synthetic pyrethroids and has low toxicity for humans and birds?

    <p>Allethrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common property of aliphatic organochlorides?

    <p>They are alkylating agents because chlorine is a nucleophilic group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental concern related to some organochlorides?

    <p>Their production in forest fires and lightning-ignited fires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chlorinated organic compounds impact biomolecules?

    <p>They are found in nearly every class of biomolecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are majority of chloromethane in the environment produced naturally?

    <p>Through biological decomposition, forest fires, and volcanoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the high atomic weight of chlorine in organochlorides?

    <p>It leads to the compounds being denser than water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates aliphatic organochlorides from hydrocarbons?

    <p>Their higher chemical reactivity due to chlorine substituents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neonicotinoid is mentioned as the most widely used insecticide in the world?

    <p>Imidacloprid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common ecological effect attributed to neonicotinoids according to the text?

    <p>Honey-bee colony collapse disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company initiated the development of neonicotinoids in the 1990s?

    <p>Bayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is structurally similar to neonicotinoids?

    <p>Nicotine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insects are neonicotinoids intended to control according to the text?

    <p>Sucking insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the action taken by the European Union and some non-EU countries in 2013 regarding neonicotinoids?

    <p>Restricted the use of certain neonicotinoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

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