Org. Change Ch. 2 (MC)
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Questions and Answers

What is characterized by periods of relative calm, punctuated by acceleration in the pace of change?

  • Smooth incremental change
  • Organizational development
  • Discontinuous change
  • Bumpy incremental change (correct)
  • Which type of change is marked by rapid shifts in strategy, structure, or culture, or in all three?

  • Smooth incremental change
  • Discontinuous change (correct)
  • Organizational development
  • Bumpy incremental change
  • Which approach is an integrated framework of theories and practices capable of solving or helping to solve most of the important problems confronting the human side of organizations?

  • Clinical approach
  • Organizational development (correct)
  • Bumpy incremental change
  • Smooth incremental change
  • Which approach deepens the impact of change by persisting in the changes and constantly reinforcing existing efforts?

    <p>Clinical approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what characterizes bounded problems?

    <p>Known timescales and minimal interactions with the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of unbounded problems according to the text?

    <p>Lack of agreement on the problem and fuzzy timescales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'TROPICS' test aim to do?

    <p>Locate a change situation on a continuum from hard to soft complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the 'TROPICS' test described as only a guide to the nature of the problem?

    <p>Because it is limited in its analysis and categorization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model is the linear approach to organizational change based on?

    <p>Lewin's three-stage model: unfreezing, moving, and refreezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of change involves fine-tuning the organization's strategy, structure, people, and processes?

    <p>Incremental change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Quinn (1980) and Stacey (2011), what do they critique about planned change?

    <p>It relies on a single view of change and assumes a known environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do evocative managers have according to the text?

    <p>A clear vision of where they want to take their business but are flexible about the route to get there</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to a series of events leading up to a critical point where change becomes inevitable?

    <p>Tipping point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can help in identifying causal relationships between events leading to change?

    <p>Multiple-cause diagrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Strebel's evolving cycle of competitive behavior, what are the phases where organizations must change strategies to adapt to competitor behavior called?

    <p>Divergence and convergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of problems have clear priorities, quantifiable objectives, and a systems/technical orientation according to the text?

    <p>Hard problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which theory focuses on chaos theory, dissipative structures, and complex adaptive structures?

    <p>Complexity theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of strategy evolution that is based on a certain logic of thinking but is incremental in its ability to adapt to new information and the results of ongoing action?

    <p>Logical incrementalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what can coexist and even destabilize the legitimate system in an organization?

    <p>Shadow system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides a metaphor for understanding how change happens and is sustained, giving managers new insights into their organizations and how to conceive and effect change?

    <p>Complexity theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The strategy in an organization emerges from the interactions between different groupings of people with varying amounts of power, access to information, and parochial interests, orchestrated by senior managers.
    • Strategy evolves in small, incremental, and opportunistic steps, guided by the agreed purpose and senior management's reassessment of ongoing actions.
    • Change in organizations can lead to more change as they learn new competencies and build confidence in making changes. Three common change events include changes in markets, organizational leadership, and rules and routines.
    • Organizations go through five distinct growth phases, each associated with a different growth period and a crisis period. Greiner's model helps identify an organization's situation and prepare for the next crisis point.
    • Complexity theory is a set of ideas based on natural systems, focusing on chaos theory, dissipative structures, and complex adaptive structures. Burnes suggests three implications for organizations: more democracy, a continuous approach to change, and the presence of order generating rules.
    • The shadow system, or the old network that employees had before the new organization was formed, can coexist and even destabilize the legitimate system, leading to a different organizational equilibrium.
    • Logical incrementalism is a process of strategy evolution that is based on a certain logic of thinking but is incremental in its ability to adapt to new information and the results of ongoing action.
    • The change-leads-to-more-change assumption suggests that the more an organization changes, the more it learns about how to do it successfully and increases competencies and confidence in making changes.
    • Organizations must change as they grow and mature, going through distinct growth phases characterized by different tasks and strategies, and facing crises as they move into the next phase.
    • Complexity theory provides a metaphor for understanding how change happens and is sustained, giving managers new insights into their organizations and how to conceive and effect change.

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    Test your knowledge of organizational strategy with this quiz. Explore the factors that contribute to the emergence and evolution of strategies within an organization, and understand the role of senior managers in orchestrating these pressures.

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