Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three varieties of change according to Grundy?
What are the three varieties of change according to Grundy?
Smooth incremental change, bumpy incremental change, and discontinuous change
What characterizes bumpy incremental change?
What characterizes bumpy incremental change?
Periods of relative calm punctuated by acceleration in the pace of change
What triggers smooth incremental change?
What triggers smooth incremental change?
Both the environment and internal initiatives, such as periodic restructuring
What is associated with bumpy incremental change?
What is associated with bumpy incremental change?
What characterizes discontinuous change?
What characterizes discontinuous change?
What triggers discontinuous change?
What triggers discontinuous change?
What are the characteristics of a 'hard' problem according to the text?
What are the characteristics of a 'hard' problem according to the text?
What are the characteristics of a 'mess' according to the text?
What are the characteristics of a 'mess' according to the text?
How are 'hard' problems and 'messes' different in terms of problem definition?
How are 'hard' problems and 'messes' different in terms of problem definition?
What is the TROPICS test used for?
What is the TROPICS test used for?
According to Paton and McCalman (2000), what does the TROPICS test help identify?
According to Paton and McCalman (2000), what does the TROPICS test help identify?
What are the implications of messes for all concerned?
What are the implications of messes for all concerned?
What is the organizational context for hard problems?
What is the organizational context for hard problems?
What are the characteristics of people involved in messes?
What are the characteristics of people involved in messes?
What is the level of interaction with the environment for hard problems?
What is the level of interaction with the environment for hard problems?
According to the text, how are messes different from hard problems in terms of timescales?
According to the text, how are messes different from hard problems in terms of timescales?
What approach to strategy in an organization involves small, incremental steps with a clear purpose?
What approach to strategy in an organization involves small, incremental steps with a clear purpose?
According to Greiner's organizational life cycle model, how many growth phases are identified?
According to Greiner's organizational life cycle model, how many growth phases are identified?
What theory explains organizational behavior using concepts such as chaos, dissipative structures, and complex adaptive structures?
What theory explains organizational behavior using concepts such as chaos, dissipative structures, and complex adaptive structures?
What are the implications of complexity theory for organizations?
What are the implications of complexity theory for organizations?
What can destabilize the legitimate system in an organization?
What can destabilize the legitimate system in an organization?
What concept emphasizes the inevitability of change in an organization?
What concept emphasizes the inevitability of change in an organization?
What emerges from interactions between different groupings of people in an organization?
What emerges from interactions between different groupings of people in an organization?
What approach conceptualizes change in organizations as discrete steps of structural organizational elements?
What approach conceptualizes change in organizations as discrete steps of structural organizational elements?
What do senior managers orchestrate to lead to a logical incrementalism approach in an organization?
What do senior managers orchestrate to lead to a logical incrementalism approach in an organization?
What does complexity theory explain using concepts such as chaos, dissipative structures, and complex adaptive structures?
What does complexity theory explain using concepts such as chaos, dissipative structures, and complex adaptive structures?
What is the presence of old networks and established working ways known as in an organization?
What is the presence of old networks and established working ways known as in an organization?
What is the main purpose of the shadow system in understanding organizational change processes?
What is the main purpose of the shadow system in understanding organizational change processes?
What is a 'tipping point' in the context of change?
What is a 'tipping point' in the context of change?
What are some tools and techniques for diagnosing change situations?
What are some tools and techniques for diagnosing change situations?
What is the concept of 'breakpoints' and how does it relate to competitive behavior?
What is the concept of 'breakpoints' and how does it relate to competitive behavior?
What characterizes the innovation phase in the evolutional cycle of competitive behavior?
What characterizes the innovation phase in the evolutional cycle of competitive behavior?
What characterizes the convergence phase in the evolutional cycle of competitive behavior?
What characterizes the convergence phase in the evolutional cycle of competitive behavior?
Why are formal and informal systems, such as environmental scanning and open communication, essential in identifying breakpoints?
Why are formal and informal systems, such as environmental scanning and open communication, essential in identifying breakpoints?
What does the Burke-Litwin model highlight in the context of change?
What does the Burke-Litwin model highlight in the context of change?
What are the indicators of convergence breakpoints?
What are the indicators of convergence breakpoints?
What are the indicators of divergence breakpoints?
What are the indicators of divergence breakpoints?
What characterizes 'hard' or 'messy' problems in the context of change?
What characterizes 'hard' or 'messy' problems in the context of change?
What are 'hard' problems in the context of change?
What are 'hard' problems in the context of change?
What are 'messy' problems in the context of change?
What are 'messy' problems in the context of change?
What are the three stages in Lewin's linear approach to change?
What are the three stages in Lewin's linear approach to change?
What are the two categories of change based on scope and scale?
What are the two categories of change based on scope and scale?
What are the three types of change paths discussed in the text?
What are the three types of change paths discussed in the text?
How does negative feedback influence the organization's behavior?
How does negative feedback influence the organization's behavior?
What does loose and tight connections in the system refer to?
What does loose and tight connections in the system refer to?
What are the four scale types of change mentioned in the text?
What are the four scale types of change mentioned in the text?
What is the essence of planned change?
What is the essence of planned change?
According to Wilson, what is the criticism of planned change?
According to Wilson, what is the criticism of planned change?
What is the criticism of planned change according to Quinn?
What is the criticism of planned change according to Quinn?
How does Stacey summarize effective managers' approach to change?
How does Stacey summarize effective managers' approach to change?
What is the difference between revolutionary and evolutionary change?
What is the difference between revolutionary and evolutionary change?
What is the systems approach to change in the workplace focused on optimizing?
What is the systems approach to change in the workplace focused on optimizing?
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Study Notes
- Linear approach to change based on Lewin's three-stage model: unfreezing, moving, and refreezing.
- Systems approach to optimize social and technical sub-systems in workplaces.
- Change can be categorized based on scope and scale: incremental or big-bang, and realignment or transformation.
- Change paths: build-up, breakthrough, and four types of change: continuous and convergent, episodic and convergent, episodic and radical, and continuous and radical.
- Negative feedback discourages deviations from current organization, positive feedback encourages deviations.
- Loose and tight connections in the system.
- Four types of change: continuous and convergent, episodic and convergent, episodic and radical, and continuous and radical.
- Scale types: 1. fine-tuning, 2. incremental adjustments, 3. modular transformation, 4. corporate transformation.
- Convergent change: no change to the organizational configuration.
- Planned change: deliberate actions designed to move the organization from one state to another.
- Evolutionary change: slow adaptation of existing systems or structures.
- Revolutionary change: fast and extensive change affecting the whole organization.
- Emergent change: change arises out of experimentation and adaptation.
- Wilson criticizes the concept of planned change, arguing it relies on a single view of change and assumes a known environment.
- Quinn criticizes the concept of planned change as well, arguing that most strategic decisions are made despite formal planning systems.
- Stacey summarizes Quinn's key points, arguing that effective managers have a clear view of their desired goal but sustain flexibility by keeping the method of reaching it open in the uncertain and ambiguous environment.
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