Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a key dimension of an organization?
Resources
What aspect of an organization's structure refers to the hierarchy of authority and the division of labor?
Organizational chart
Which of the following is NOT a factor that differentiates the two types of activities in an organization's structure?
Resource allocation
What does the term 'span of control' refer to in the context of an organization's structure?
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Which of the following is the LEAST relevant dimension of an organization?
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What is the primary purpose of an organization's $ ext{organizational chart}$?
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Who are the more prominent exponents of organization development action research?
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Which organization used organization development in the context of child and parent therapy?
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What specialized form of action research is frequently used in organization development?
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Who conducted the Northfield Experiment at a military hospital?
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Which approach to helping groups and organizations involved discussions on feelings, interpersonal relations, and managerial problems?
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Which type of organization is characterized by stable goals, rigid rules and policies, and a high degree of control?
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Which type of organization is described as transformational and is flexible to needed change?
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Which type of organization is centralized with a high degree of flexibility and is open to change?
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Which type of organization undergoes fast reorganization but exercises a low level of flexibility?
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Which type of organization is generally conservative and traditional?
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Which type of organization is more innovative-looking and ready to take advantage of opportunities?
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What is the primary focus of the first generation of OD contributors mentioned in the text?
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What is the key challenge that OD must adapt to in the face of evolving technologies?
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How has the diversity of the OD discipline evolved according to the text?
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What is the primary purpose of organization development?
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of organization development?
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What is the role of top management in organization development?
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Which of the following is not mentioned as a component of an effective organization?
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What is the relationship between organization development and change management?
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What is the role of environmental scanning in organization development?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Training Stem
- The laboratory training stem has a heavy component of action research.
- Survey feedback is a specialized form of action research.
- Participant action research is frequently used in organization development.
- William Whyte and Edith Hamilton are prominent exponents of organization development action research.
Socio-Technical and Socio-Clinical Approaches
- The fourth stem in the history of organization development is the evolution of socio-technical and socio-clinical approaches to helping groups and organizations.
- The Tavistock Clinic in England used organization development in the context of child and parent therapy.
- W.R. Bion, John Rickman, and others conducted the Northfield Experiment at a military hospital.
Objectives of Organization Development
- Explain the nature of organization development.
- Differentiate between organizational, productivity, and strategy effectiveness.
- Understand the growth and relevance of organization development.
- Know the history of organization development.
- Appreciate the evolution of organizational development.
Dimensions of an Organization
- Organizations possess three dimensions: structure, system, and people.
- Structure refers to the configurative design of an organization and the relationship between its component parts.
- System refers to the processes and activities that occur within an organization.
- People refers to the individuals who make up an organization.
Organizational Development
- Organization development is defined as a "purposive and planned effort that is managed from the top and filtered through the employees with the primary purpose of increasing organizational effectiveness through the use of appropriate and carefully studied forms of strategic interventions".
- Organization development is a proactive strategy that involves anticipating and adapting to change.
Change Orientations of Organizations
- Organizations vary with respect to environmental predictability and organizational change behavior.
- Environmental predictability refers to the consistency of the milieu in an organization, ranging from unstable to stable.
- Change behavior refers to the organization's level of flexibility, varying from high to low.
- Organizations can be categorized into four types based on their environmental predictability and change behavior: proactive, perceptive, satisficing, and lethargic.
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