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Organizational Behaviour Overview
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Organizational Behaviour Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does the Johari Window primarily help to understand?

  • Personal development and interpersonal relationships (correct)
  • Conflict management processes
  • Leadership effectiveness in organizations
  • Group dynamics in decision-making

    • What is the primary focus of Organizational Behaviour?

  • The study of economic systems in organizations
  • The examination of organizational structure and design
  • The study of human behaviour, attitudes, and performance in organizations (correct)
  • The analysis of technological advancements in business

    • Which of the following is NOT included in the topics covered in Unit 1 of the course?

  • Motivation Theories (correct)
  • Personality
  • Perception
  • Theories of Learning

    • Which approach views leadership as contingent on the situation and context?

    <p>Situational/Contingency approach to Leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common source of conflict in organizations?

    <p>Diverse personal values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the definitions provided, what is a key aspect of Organizational Behaviour?

    <p>Examining how people act within organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept addresses how power is acquired and utilized within organizations?

    <p>Sources of Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor in managing resistance to change within an organization?

    <p>Establishing clear communication of changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Organizational Behavior?

    <p>Studying the impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of studying Organizational Behavior?

    <p>Reducing costs of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Fred Luthans, what is the primary concern of Organizational Behavior?

    <p>Understanding, predicting, and controlling human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories emerged during the Behavioral Era of Organizational Behavior?

    <p>Theory X &amp; Theory Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does perception involve in the context of Organizational Behavior?

    <p>Organizing environmental stimuli and interpreting them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of studying Organizational Behavior in terms of employee interaction?

    <p>Improving communication and collaboration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is diversity recognized as valuable in Organizational Behavior?

    <p>It fosters a wider array of perspectives and ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence an individual's attention in perceiving an event?

    <p>Time, location, light, heat, and situational factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the evolution of Organizational Behavior?

    <p>The Modern Era includes insights from behavioral science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines perceptual error?

    <p>The difficulty in accurately judging humans, things, or situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In attribution theory, how is internally caused behavior characterized?

    <p>A result of personal choices and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might lead observers to make an external attribution regarding a person's behavior?

    <p>The behavior is seen as unusual for that individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rule for determining attribution considers whether an individual behaves differently in various situations?

    <p>Distinctiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a particular early impression of a person negatively influence their perception?

    <p>It can result in poor treatment or dismissal in professional settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to perceptual errors?

    <p>Attention to details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In attribution theory, which of the following is true about externally caused behavior?

    <p>It is viewed as a response to external pressures or situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does consensus refer to in the context of behavior evaluation?

    <p>An individual's behavior compared to others in similar situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a student is often late for class, what cause do observers likely attribute this behavior to?

    <p>Internal causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does selective perception affect a person's understanding of a situation?

    <p>It allows individuals to focus only on what they find interesting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible result of the halo effect when evaluating an instructor?

    <p>Overestimating the instructor's overall capability based on a single trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a student give a low rating to an instructor despite their qualifications?

    <p>The instructor does not engage with the class enthusiastically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the contrast effect imply in behavioral evaluations?

    <p>Judgments of one person can be influenced by the recent encounters with others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to an inaccurate conclusion about an individual in selective perception?

    <p>Speedreading and interpreting based on expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does selective perception help students in learning environments?

    <p>By enabling them to prioritize information that is immediately relevant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the timing of an interview influence a candidate's evaluation?

    <p>Candidates interviewed after a mediocre applicant tend to receive better evaluations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does projection involve in the context of interpersonal perception?

    <p>Assuming others desire what one personally desires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes stereotyping?

    <p>Assessing individuals based on generalizations about their group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of perceptual selection in the perceptual process?

    <p>To filter out irrelevant stimuli and focus on important ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does perceptual organization influence interpretation?

    <p>It provides a framework for understanding sensory information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the perceptual interpretation stage?

    <p>Assigning meaning to selected information from the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can indicate the presence of the halo effect in evaluations?

    <p>Making a judgment based on one positive characteristic influencing overall perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of perception, what can cause different interpretations of the same image?

    <p>The viewer's previous experiences and perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organizational Behaviour

    • Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study of human behaviour at work, exploring how people think, feel, and act within organizations.
    • OB draws from various behavioural disciplines including psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science.
    • The goal of OB is to improve organizational effectiveness.

    Definitions of OB

    • According to Davis and Newstram, "Organizational behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people act within organizations."
    • Stephen P. Robbins defines OB as "Organizational Behavior studies the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations to improve effectiveness."
    • Fred Luthans defines OB as "Organization Behavior is directly concerned with the understanding, prediction and control of human behavior in organization."

    Advantages and Importance of OB

    • OB helps us understand and manage employees effectively.
    • This knowledge improves organizational performance by promoting effectiveness.
    • It focuses on enhancing productivity, reducing absenteeism and employee turnover, and increasing job satisfaction.
    • OB helps employees work together better and fosters a diverse and inclusive workplace.
    • OB can help companies improve quality, ensure ethical behavior, create a positive work environment, facilitate teamwork, and encourage creativity.

    Why Study OB?

    • To understand employees better.
    • Ensure higher productivity.
    • Encourage ethical behavior.
    • Create a positive work environment.
    • Develop an inclusive work culture.
    • Build a good team.

    The Evolution of OB

    • The Classical Era (1860-1930): Focused on administrative theory and scientific management, seeking to improve organizational efficiency.
    • The Behavioural Era (1930-1960): Marked by the Hawthorne experiments, which explored the impact of social and psychological factors on workers.
    • The Modern Era (1960 Onwards): Introduced the Contingency Theory, emphasizing that the best management style is dependent on various factors.

    The Building Blocks of OB

    • Perception: How individuals interpret information, influenced by perceptual errors such as attribution theory, selective perception, the halo effect, contrast effects, projection, and stereotyping.

    Perception

    • Definition: Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting stimuli to create meaningful experiences.
    • Selective Attention: People selectively focus on specific aspects of their environment.
    • Varied Perceptions: The same situation can be interpreted differently by different people.

    Perceptual Errors

    • Attribution Theory: Explains how people attribute causes for behaviors, either internally (personal control) or externally (situational factors).

    Rules for Determining Attribution

    • Distinctiveness: The extent to which an individual's behavior is unique to a specific situation.
    • Consensus: The degree to which others would react in a similar way to the same situation.
    • Consistency: The regularity of the individual's behavior over time.

    Selective Perception

    • Individuals interpret information based their own interests, leading to biases.
    • Example: A student might be more attentive when the instructor announces exam topics than when discussing less relevant material.

    Halo Effect

    • Drawing general conclusions about a person based on a single characteristic.
    • Example: A student might judge an instructor based solely on their enthusiasm, overlooking other qualities.

    Contrast Effects

    • Comparisons with others influence our perceptions.
    • Example: A candidate's performance in an interview may seem better or worse depending on the previous candidates.

    Projection

    • Attributeing one's own characteristics to others.
    • Example: Someone who values challenge may assume that others have the same desire.

    Stereotyping

    • Judging individuals based on their perceived group affiliation.

    Perceptual Process

    • Perceptual Selection: Filtering out most stimuli to focus on the most important ones.
    • Perceptual Organization: Organizing and making sense of sensory input.
    • Perceptual Interpretation: Assigning meaning to the selected and organized information.

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    Related Documents

    Organizational Behaviour PDF

    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of Organizational Behaviour (OB). This quiz highlights definitions, advantages, and the importance of understanding human behavior in workplace settings. Enhance your knowledge on how to improve organizational effectiveness.

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