Industrial Psych Theories Reviewer
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Classical Theory?

  • Applying mathematical and statistical techniques
  • Analyzing business situations and making decisions
  • Maximum efficiency and productivity (correct)
  • Employee satisfaction and human relations
  • What is a major drawback of the Classical Theory?

  • Inadequate consideration of external factors
  • Over-reliance on data and quantitative analysis
  • Less focus on human relations and employee satisfaction (correct)
  • Inability to make quick decisions
  • What aspect of human behavior does the neo-classical theory emphasize?

  • Emotions, feelings, hopes, aspirations, and expectations (correct)
  • Biological needs
  • Economic motivation
  • Rational thinking
  • Which theory views organizations as composed of choice makers?

    <p>Decision Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of relying solely on data and quantitative analysis in decision-making?

    <p>It may overlook qualitative factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the modern management theory?

    <p>It helps to reduce confusion and time loss regarding responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument of the Contingency Theory?

    <p>Decisions depend on internal and external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hawthorne Effect?

    <p>The effect of observation on behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Modern Theory?

    <p>It involves sophisticated mathematical and statistical techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of management theory uses mathematical and statistical methods?

    <p>Modern Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Open-System Theory?

    <p>A management theory that considers the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of over-reliance on data and quantitative analysis in decision-making?

    <p>Decisions may lack creativity and innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories does not belong to Motivation Theories?

    <p>Open-System Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes the importance of considering various internal and external factors in decision-making?

    <p>Contingency Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is also known as Two-Factor or Hygiene Theory?

    <p>It is a Motivation Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of knowledge and training may be required to implement modern management theory effectively?

    <p>Specialized knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest need in Maslow's theory of work motivation?

    <p>Self-Actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leader is typically motivated by having a position of control?

    <p>Need for Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which need correlates closely to a person's salary?

    <p>Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the need to belong in a group?

    <p>Need for Affiliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the need to be in a safe work environment?

    <p>Hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many basic needs does David McClelland's Theory of Management suggest that each person has?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the need to achieve success and thrive on challenging situations?

    <p>Need for Achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest need in Maslow's theory, where individuals become more creative and growth-oriented?

    <p>Self-Actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of Organization Theory focuses on the emotional and psychological components of people's behavior in an organization?

    <p>Neo-classical Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory discusses how to divide up professional tasks in the most efficient and effective way?

    <p>Classical Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of theory focuses on the rigid hierarchy of an organization, the specialization of tasks, and financial incentives for employees?

    <p>Classical Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of theory is concerned with the emotional and psychological aspects of an organization's members?

    <p>Motivation Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory argues that an organization's environment influences it, and understanding this influence can help managers develop more effective strategies?

    <p>Open-System Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of theory categorizes environmental factors that impact an organization as specific or general?

    <p>Open-System Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Motivation Theory in an organization?

    <p>To understand the emotional and psychological aspects of an organization's members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory is concerned with the ways and ideas that focus on the emotional beings of an organization?

    <p>Motivation Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation behind an individual's desire to form groups and feel like a valued member of that group?

    <p>Social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motivation drives an individual to excel at a task because they want to, not because someone else says so?

    <p>Intrinsic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motivation is driven by an individual's desire to be like someone else?

    <p>Identified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motivation involves rewards, punishment, and fear of failure?

    <p>Extrinsic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motivation is driven by an individual's own beliefs and values?

    <p>Introjected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the need to feel safe in the workplace?

    <p>Need to feel safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the father of Neo-Classical Theory?

    <p>Elton Mayo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of approach would a manager use in a situation where an employee regularly shows up late to work?

    <p>Protocol-based approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organization Theories

    • Neo-Classical Theory: focuses on emotional and psychological components of people's behavior in an organization, emphasizing a sense of belonging and social acceptance for positive performance.

    Classical Theory

    • Key aspects: divides up professional tasks in the most efficient and effective way, influenced by the organization's environment, and understands environmental factors that impact the organization.
    • Leader's role: understands how group dynamics contribute to the organization's success.

    Motivation Theory

    • Goal: increases company productivity by encouraging employees to perform more efficiently, thus increasing production and profit.
    • Types of motivation: Intrinsic, Introjected, Identified, and Extrinsic.
      • Intrinsic motivation: internal drive to do something because you want to.
      • Introjected motivation: internal motivation driven by personal beliefs and values.
      • Identified motivation: motivated by the desire to be like someone else.
      • Extrinsic motivation: motivated by rewards, punishment, and fear of failure.

    Contingency Theory

    • Key aspect: argues that the ideal decision or choice may differ from one organization to another, depending on various internal and external factors.
    • No one-size-fits-all approach: choices are dependent on various conditions.

    Open-System Theory

    • Focus: rigid hierarchy of organizations, specialization of tasks, and financial incentives for employees.
    • Environmental factors: social forces, political forces, economic forces, and other organizations.

    Theorists

    • Elton Mayo: father of Neo-Classical Theory.
    • David McClelland: proposed the Theory of Management, which suggests that each person has three basic needs: Need for Nurture, Need for Power, and Need for Achievement.

    Other Key Concepts

    • Hawthorne Effect: people will modify their behavior simply because they are being observed.
    • Hygiene Theory: suggests that individuals have two categories of needs when it comes to work – Hygiene and Motivators.
    • Maslow's Theory: proposes five needs in the hierarchy of work motivation, with Self-Actualization being the highest need.
    • Need for Affiliation: motivated by a desire to be part of a group and social interactions.
    • Need for Power: motivated by having a position of control.

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    Description

    This quiz covers a type of Organization Theory that focuses on the emotional and psychological components of people's behavior in an organization. It discusses how to divide up professional tasks and argues that a sense of belonging and social acceptance is important for positive performance.

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