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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the Classical Theory?
What is the primary focus of the Classical Theory?
- Applying mathematical and statistical techniques
- Analyzing business situations and making decisions
- Maximum efficiency and productivity (correct)
- Employee satisfaction and human relations
What is a major drawback of the Classical Theory?
What is a major drawback of the Classical Theory?
- Inadequate consideration of external factors
- Over-reliance on data and quantitative analysis
- Less focus on human relations and employee satisfaction (correct)
- Inability to make quick decisions
What aspect of human behavior does the neo-classical theory emphasize?
What aspect of human behavior does the neo-classical theory emphasize?
- Emotions, feelings, hopes, aspirations, and expectations (correct)
- Biological needs
- Economic motivation
- Rational thinking
Which theory views organizations as composed of choice makers?
Which theory views organizations as composed of choice makers?
What is a limitation of relying solely on data and quantitative analysis in decision-making?
What is a limitation of relying solely on data and quantitative analysis in decision-making?
What is the advantage of the modern management theory?
What is the advantage of the modern management theory?
What is the main argument of the Contingency Theory?
What is the main argument of the Contingency Theory?
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
What is a characteristic of the Modern Theory?
What is a characteristic of the Modern Theory?
What type of management theory uses mathematical and statistical methods?
What type of management theory uses mathematical and statistical methods?
What is the Open-System Theory?
What is the Open-System Theory?
What is a potential consequence of over-reliance on data and quantitative analysis in decision-making?
What is a potential consequence of over-reliance on data and quantitative analysis in decision-making?
Which of the following theories does not belong to Motivation Theories?
Which of the following theories does not belong to Motivation Theories?
Which theory emphasizes the importance of considering various internal and external factors in decision-making?
Which theory emphasizes the importance of considering various internal and external factors in decision-making?
What is also known as Two-Factor or Hygiene Theory?
What is also known as Two-Factor or Hygiene Theory?
What type of knowledge and training may be required to implement modern management theory effectively?
What type of knowledge and training may be required to implement modern management theory effectively?
What is the highest need in Maslow's theory of work motivation?
What is the highest need in Maslow's theory of work motivation?
What type of leader is typically motivated by having a position of control?
What type of leader is typically motivated by having a position of control?
Which need correlates closely to a person's salary?
Which need correlates closely to a person's salary?
What is the term for the need to belong in a group?
What is the term for the need to belong in a group?
What is the term for the need to be in a safe work environment?
What is the term for the need to be in a safe work environment?
How many basic needs does David McClelland's Theory of Management suggest that each person has?
How many basic needs does David McClelland's Theory of Management suggest that each person has?
What is the term for the need to achieve success and thrive on challenging situations?
What is the term for the need to achieve success and thrive on challenging situations?
What is the highest need in Maslow's theory, where individuals become more creative and growth-oriented?
What is the highest need in Maslow's theory, where individuals become more creative and growth-oriented?
What type of Organization Theory focuses on the emotional and psychological components of people's behavior in an organization?
What type of Organization Theory focuses on the emotional and psychological components of people's behavior in an organization?
Which type of theory discusses how to divide up professional tasks in the most efficient and effective way?
Which type of theory discusses how to divide up professional tasks in the most efficient and effective way?
What type of theory focuses on the rigid hierarchy of an organization, the specialization of tasks, and financial incentives for employees?
What type of theory focuses on the rigid hierarchy of an organization, the specialization of tasks, and financial incentives for employees?
What type of theory is concerned with the emotional and psychological aspects of an organization's members?
What type of theory is concerned with the emotional and psychological aspects of an organization's members?
Which theory argues that an organization's environment influences it, and understanding this influence can help managers develop more effective strategies?
Which theory argues that an organization's environment influences it, and understanding this influence can help managers develop more effective strategies?
What type of theory categorizes environmental factors that impact an organization as specific or general?
What type of theory categorizes environmental factors that impact an organization as specific or general?
What is the main goal of Motivation Theory in an organization?
What is the main goal of Motivation Theory in an organization?
Which theory is concerned with the ways and ideas that focus on the emotional beings of an organization?
Which theory is concerned with the ways and ideas that focus on the emotional beings of an organization?
What is the primary motivation behind an individual's desire to form groups and feel like a valued member of that group?
What is the primary motivation behind an individual's desire to form groups and feel like a valued member of that group?
What type of motivation drives an individual to excel at a task because they want to, not because someone else says so?
What type of motivation drives an individual to excel at a task because they want to, not because someone else says so?
What type of motivation is driven by an individual's desire to be like someone else?
What type of motivation is driven by an individual's desire to be like someone else?
What type of motivation involves rewards, punishment, and fear of failure?
What type of motivation involves rewards, punishment, and fear of failure?
What type of motivation is driven by an individual's own beliefs and values?
What type of motivation is driven by an individual's own beliefs and values?
What is the need to feel safe in the workplace?
What is the need to feel safe in the workplace?
Who is considered the father of Neo-Classical Theory?
Who is considered the father of Neo-Classical Theory?
What type of approach would a manager use in a situation where an employee regularly shows up late to work?
What type of approach would a manager use in a situation where an employee regularly shows up late to work?
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Study Notes
Organization Theories
- Neo-Classical Theory: focuses on emotional and psychological components of people's behavior in an organization, emphasizing a sense of belonging and social acceptance for positive performance.
Classical Theory
- Key aspects: divides up professional tasks in the most efficient and effective way, influenced by the organization's environment, and understands environmental factors that impact the organization.
- Leader's role: understands how group dynamics contribute to the organization's success.
Motivation Theory
- Goal: increases company productivity by encouraging employees to perform more efficiently, thus increasing production and profit.
- Types of motivation: Intrinsic, Introjected, Identified, and Extrinsic.
- Intrinsic motivation: internal drive to do something because you want to.
- Introjected motivation: internal motivation driven by personal beliefs and values.
- Identified motivation: motivated by the desire to be like someone else.
- Extrinsic motivation: motivated by rewards, punishment, and fear of failure.
Contingency Theory
- Key aspect: argues that the ideal decision or choice may differ from one organization to another, depending on various internal and external factors.
- No one-size-fits-all approach: choices are dependent on various conditions.
Open-System Theory
- Focus: rigid hierarchy of organizations, specialization of tasks, and financial incentives for employees.
- Environmental factors: social forces, political forces, economic forces, and other organizations.
Theorists
- Elton Mayo: father of Neo-Classical Theory.
- David McClelland: proposed the Theory of Management, which suggests that each person has three basic needs: Need for Nurture, Need for Power, and Need for Achievement.
Other Key Concepts
- Hawthorne Effect: people will modify their behavior simply because they are being observed.
- Hygiene Theory: suggests that individuals have two categories of needs when it comes to work – Hygiene and Motivators.
- Maslow's Theory: proposes five needs in the hierarchy of work motivation, with Self-Actualization being the highest need.
- Need for Affiliation: motivated by a desire to be part of a group and social interactions.
- Need for Power: motivated by having a position of control.
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