Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of social norms in a group?
What is the primary purpose of social norms in a group?
- To allocate resources unfairly within the group
- To provide monetary incentives to group members
- To create conflict among group members
- To influence individual behavior and ensure conformity (correct)
What is the result when an individual tries to conform to the norms of a reference group?
What is the result when an individual tries to conform to the norms of a reference group?
- They feel pressure to maintain their individuality
- They avoid being visibly different from others in the group (correct)
- They are rewarded with monetary incentives
- They are excluded from the group
What is the term for the tendency of individuals to not work as hard in groups as they would on an individual basis?
What is the term for the tendency of individuals to not work as hard in groups as they would on an individual basis?
- Group Property
- Deviant Workplace Behavior
- Role Conflict
- Social Loafing (correct)
What type of norms define acceptable standards of behavior within a group?
What type of norms define acceptable standards of behavior within a group?
What was the result of Solomon Asch's studies on conformity?
What was the result of Solomon Asch's studies on conformity?
What is the term for the groups that an individual uses to define themselves and conform to its norms?
What is the term for the groups that an individual uses to define themselves and conform to its norms?
What happens to individuals who do not conform to group norms?
What happens to individuals who do not conform to group norms?
What is the result of deviant workplace behavior?
What is the result of deviant workplace behavior?
What type of behavior violates significant organizational norms and threatens the well-being of the organization or its members?
What type of behavior violates significant organizational norms and threatens the well-being of the organization or its members?
When are group norms likely to flourish?
When are group norms likely to flourish?
What is the term for the unequal distribution of work among group members?
What is the term for the unequal distribution of work among group members?
What can set group goals, increase inter-group competition, and engage in peer evaluation to prevent deviant behavior?
What can set group goals, increase inter-group competition, and engage in peer evaluation to prevent deviant behavior?
What is the term for a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others?
What is the term for a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others?
According to Status Characteristics theory, what determines a person's status?
According to Status Characteristics theory, what determines a person's status?
How do high-status members often behave in groups?
How do high-status members often behave in groups?
What is the moderating variable for productivity and cohesiveness in groups?
What is the moderating variable for productivity and cohesiveness in groups?
What is a key characteristic of smaller groups in terms of task completion?
What is a key characteristic of smaller groups in terms of task completion?
What technique is used to restrict discussion during the decision-making process to encourage independent thinking?
What technique is used to restrict discussion during the decision-making process to encourage independent thinking?
What is a result of group discussions in group decision-making?
What is a result of group discussions in group decision-making?
What is a characteristic of groupthink?
What is a characteristic of groupthink?
What is a benefit of smaller groups in terms of problem-solving?
What is a benefit of smaller groups in terms of problem-solving?
What is a technique used to generate a list of creative alternatives?
What is a technique used to generate a list of creative alternatives?
What is a limitation of group decision-making?
What is a limitation of group decision-making?
What is a characteristic of groupshift?
What is a characteristic of groupshift?
What is a way to minimize groupthink?
What is a way to minimize groupthink?
What is a cultural difference that affects group decision-making?
What is a cultural difference that affects group decision-making?
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Study Notes
Role Expectations and Conflict
- Role expectations are what others believe one should act in a given situation
- Role conflict occurs when multiple roles are incompatible
Social Norms and Influence
- Social norms are acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by its members
- Norms strongly influence individual output and work behavior
- Reference groups are groups in which a person is aware of other members and defines themselves as a member
- Solomon Asch studies showed that members desire to conform to norms and avoid being visibly different
Deviant Workplace Behavior
- Deviant workplace behavior is voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and threatens the well-being of the organization or its members
- It tends to flourish when supported by group norms and when people are in groups
- Causes include unequal distribution of work and dispersion of responsibility
- Prevention methods include setting group goals, increasing inter-group competition, peer evaluation, and distributing group rewards based on individual contributions
Group Properties
- Group Property 1: Social Norms
- Group Property 2: Status - a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others
- Group Property 3: Size - smaller groups complete tasks faster, while larger groups are better at problem-solving
- Group Property 4: Cohesiveness - the degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group
- Group Property 5: Conformity - the tendency of members to conform to group norms
Group Decision Making
- Strengths: generate more complete information, increased diversity of views, increased acceptance of a solution
- Weaknesses: takes longer, conformity pressures, discussions can be dominated by a few members, ambiguous responsibility for the final outcome
Effectiveness and Efficiency
- Effectiveness: group accuracy, speed, creativity, and degree of acceptance
- Efficiency: groups are generally less efficient
Decision-Making Techniques
- Brainstorming: generates a list of creative alternatives
- Nominal Group Technique (NGT): restricts discussion during the decision-making process to encourage independent thinking
Groupthink
- Symptoms: deterioration of individual mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgments as a result of group pressures
- Prevention: minimize groupthink by limiting group size, encouraging input from all members, and appointing a devil's advocate
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