Organizational Behavior Chapter 5 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the heredity approach in the context of personality?

The heredity approach argues that an individual's personality is ultimately determined by the molecular structure of their genes.

List two personality traits identified in early research.

Shy and ambitious are two personality traits identified in early research.

What are the four dichotomies used in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?

The four dichotomies are Extroverted or Introverted (E or I), Sensing or Intuitive (S or N), Thinking or Feeling (T or F), and Perceiving or Judging (P or J).

How are INTJs characterized in the MBTI framework?

INTJs are characterized as visionaries. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the Big Five Model of personality?

The components of the Big Five Model are Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability, and Openness to experience. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Big Five Model considered widely used?

The Big Five Model is widely used because it effectively captures a broad range of human personality traits. Signup and view all the answers

What does emotional stability in the Big Five Model refer to?

Emotional stability refers to an individual's ability to maintain emotional balance and resilience in the face of stress. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does heredity influence personality according to the content?

Heredity influences personality by providing the genetic foundation that shapes individual differences. Signup and view all the answers

What trait is considered most important for business success according to the provided information?

Persistence. Signup and view all the answers

Which two traits are mentioned as less important for business success?

Teamwork and flexibility/adaptability. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the Dark Triad as described in the text?

Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Signup and view all the answers

How does Machiavellianism describe an individual’s approach to achieving goals?

It describes them as pragmatic and emotionally distant, believing that ends can justify means. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is associated with narcissism?

A grandiose sense of self-importance. Signup and view all the answers

What does psychopathy indicate about an individual's feelings towards others?

It indicates a lack of concern for others and no guilt or remorse when causing harm. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the antisocial aspect of the emerging framework for studying dark traits?

Indifference and callousness toward others. Signup and view all the answers

What defines borderline individuals according to the new framework on dark side traits?

They have low self-esteem and high uncertainty. Signup and view all the answers

Which job requires high social skills according to the Trait Activation Theory?

Clergy Signup and view all the answers

Identify a job that scores low in innovation traits.

Masseuse Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is prominent in the jobs of air traffic controllers according to the table?

Detail Orientation Signup and view all the answers

Name a profession listed that is linked to dealing with angry people.

Telemarketer Signup and view all the answers

Which job is associated with high time pressure traits?

Airline pilot Signup and view all the answers

Identify a job that scores low in competitive traits.

Biologist Signup and view all the answers

What job in the table requires high detail orientation?

Accountant Signup and view all the answers

Which job is not predicted to require high innovation skills?

Court reporter Signup and view all the answers

What is personality and how is it defined in the context of organizational behavior?

Personality is a dynamic concept that describes the growth and development of a person's psychological system, encompassing the sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common means of measuring personality, and why are they important in hiring decisions?

The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys, which are important as they help managers forecast the suitability of candidates for specific jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Big Five model from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator in understanding personality?

The Big Five model focuses on five key traits that can describe personality on a spectrum, while the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator categorizes individuals into distinct personality types. Signup and view all the answers

How do core self-evaluation, self-monitoring, and proactive personality contribute to the understanding of personality?

Core self-evaluation assesses one's self-worth and capabilities, self-monitoring adjusts behavior based on social cues, and proactive personality reflects an individual's inclination to take initiative. Signup and view all the answers

Contrast the concepts of terminal values and instrumental values.

Terminal values refer to end goals or desirable states of existence, while instrumental values reflect the means or behaviors necessary to achieve those end goals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between person-job fit and person-organization fit?

Person-job fit focuses on the match between an individual's capabilities and job requirements, while person-organization fit considers how well an individual's values align with the organization's culture. Signup and view all the answers

How might personality affect an individual's job search and unemployment experience?

Personality traits can influence job search strategies, resilience during unemployment, and overall engagement in finding new opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

How does the situation impact whether personality predicts behavior?

The situation can either enhance or obscure the expression of personality traits, affecting the predictability of behavior in different contexts. Signup and view all the answers

What traits are associated with jobs requiring detail orientation?

Conscientiousness is the primary trait associated with detail orientation. Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is prominently needed for jobs that demand strong social skills?

Extraversion is the key trait for jobs that require strong social skills. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between terminal values and instrumental values?

Terminal values are desired end-states of existence, while instrumental values are the means to achieve those ends. Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is negatively associated with dealing with angry people?

Neuroticism is negatively associated with dealing effectively with angry individuals. Signup and view all the answers

How does openness contribute to competitive work environments?

Openness fosters innovation, which is critical in competitive work settings. Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is emphasized for medical technicians, according to the model?

Conscientiousness is emphasized for medical technicians. Signup and view all the answers

What role does agreeableness play in jobs that require social interaction?

Agreeableness enhances teamwork and fosters better communication in social settings. Signup and view all the answers

What personality trait is essential for fitness trainers under time pressure?

Conscientiousness is essential for fitness trainers, particularly when working under time constraints. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Personality and Its Measurement

Personality is defined as the dynamic growth and development of a person's psychological system, affecting interactions with others.
Self-report surveys are the most common method for measuring personality, essential for hiring decisions.
Factors influencing personality include heredity (genetic factors) and environment (experiences and upbringing).
Early research identified key personality traits like shyness, aggression, and ambition.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Big Five Model

MBTI classifies individuals into types based on four dichotomies:
- Extroverted (E) vs. Introverted (I)
- Sensing (S) vs. Intuitive (N)
- Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)
- Perceiving (P) vs. Judging (J)
The Big Five Model includes five key traits:
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Emotional stability
- Openness to experience

Importance of Traits in Business Success

Traits such as persistence, attention to detail, and analytical skills are vital for business success, while teamwork and flexibility are less critical in certain roles.

Dark Triad of Personality

Dark Triad includes three negative traits:
- Machiavellianism: Pragmatic and self-interested behavior.
- Narcissism: Arrogance and a grandiose sense of self-importance.
- Psychopathy: Lack of concern and remorse for others.

Trait Activation Theory

Suggests that the relevance of personality traits depends on the job environment.
Certain jobs emphasize specific traits, such as:
- Air traffic controllers require high detail orientation.
- Sales representatives benefit from high extraversion.

Values and their Organization

Values are fundamental beliefs about what is right or desirable, forming the basis for motivation and attitudes.
Value systems rank values in order of importance, influencing behavior and decision-making.
Terminal values represent desirable end-states (e.g., happiness, freedom), while instrumental values represent preferred modes of behavior (e.g., honesty, ambition).

Person-Job Fit vs. Person-Organization Fit

Person-job fit focuses on the match between an individual's attributes and job requirements.
Person-organization fit emphasizes the alignment of an individual’s values with the organization's culture and values.

Hofstede’s Value Dimensions and GLOBE Framework

Hofstede’s framework assesses cultural dimensions across nations affecting workplace behavior.
GLOBE framework extends this by examining cultural aspects in leadership effectiveness globally.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Chapter 5 of Organizational Behavior, focusing on Personality and Values. Explore the measurement of personality, its influencing factors, and evaluate the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator's strengths and weaknesses.