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Questions and Answers
What do muscles, nerves, fat, bone, and blood tissues have in common?
What do muscles, nerves, fat, bone, and blood tissues have in common?
Which tissue in the body lasts only a few months and cannot divide?
Which tissue in the body lasts only a few months and cannot divide?
What happens when stem cells differentiate during the development of the body?
What happens when stem cells differentiate during the development of the body?
What role do growth factors play in the differentiation of cells?
What role do growth factors play in the differentiation of cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of skin tissues?
Which of the following is NOT a function of skin tissues?
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How can the amount of fat and muscle tissue in the body be changed?
How can the amount of fat and muscle tissue in the body be changed?
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What is the primary function of connective tissues in the skin?
What is the primary function of connective tissues in the skin?
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Which of the following statements about organs is correct?
Which of the following statements about organs is correct?
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Study Notes
Organization of Tissues and Organs
- The body is organized in a hierarchical structure: cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organism.
- Cells work together to form tissues.
- Tissues work together to form organs.
- Organs work together to form organ systems.
- Organ systems work together to form an organism.
Objectives
- Cells combine to form tissues, organs, and whole organisms.
Cells Working Together
- Muscles, nerves, fat, bone, and blood are tissues made of similar cells.
- Cells within a tissue are specialized with different functions.
- Males generally have more muscle and less fat than females.
- Diet and exercise can change the amount of tissue in the body (muscle and fat).
Teams of Tissues in Skin
- Tissues combine to form organs. Skin is the largest organ and protects the body.
- Tough surface cells prevent microbes from entering the body.
- Nerves sense pressure, pain, and temperature differences.
- Hairs and fat insulate the body.
- Sweat regulates body temperature.
- Connective tissues hold the other tissues together.
- Blood delivers nutrients and oxygen to the other cells.
Tissues in the Heart
- As an organ develops, cells position and perform their specific functions.
- Scientists study heart development to better understand and replicate this for biological studies.
Stem Cells
- All cells originate from dividing stem cells
- Stem cells divide to create specialized, different cells.
- Stem cells differentiate (change into specialized cells for different tissues).
- Development is controlled by chemical signals (growth factors) from the surroundings.
How Growth Factors Change Cells
- Each cell in the body has the same set of genes.
- Different genes are turned on (modified) with the influence of growth factors.
- Different genes modify and determine cell function and composition.
Replacing Cells
- Some cells, like red blood cells in the bone marrow, have limited lifespans.
- Stem cells renew these cells.
- Scientists aim to control stem cell behavior for use in repairing damaged tissue.
Recap
- Organs contain tissues suited for their functions.
- Each tissue consists of cells with particular characteristics and functions.
Questions (content summary, no answers)
- Body parts are arranged in hierarchical order of size (cell, tissue, organ, organ system).
- Tissues and organs can be distinguished from each other.
- Describe a specific tissue, say skin, in relation to other organs.
- Describe the tissues comprising a specific organ, say the heart.
- Define the roles of tissues like xylem and phloem to support plant growth and development; for example, in the root.
- Identify and describe tissues within a specific organ such as an upper arm.
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Description
Explore the hierarchical structure of the human body, from cells to tissues, organs, and organ systems. Understand how different types of tissues work together to form organs, focusing on the skin as the largest organ. Discover the roles of specialized cells in maintaining body functions.
