39 Questions
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for communication between the CNS and the rest of the body?
Peripheral Nervous System
What is the function of autonomic (visceral) sensory neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
Convey information to CNS from autonomic sensory receptors
Where are autonomic sensory receptors primarily located?
In smooth muscle organs in thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
Which part of the brain is considered part of the forebrain?
Cerebrum
What is the main function of the motor division in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles/glands)
Which type of nerve fibers inform the CNS of the state of body interior and exterior?
Visceral nerve fibers
What is a characteristic of autonomic motor neurons?
INVOLUNTARY (generally)
Which part of the brain is responsible for integration and control?
(Prosencephalon)
What is the primary function of the upper motor neuron in the somatic nervous system?
To control the lower motor neuron in the brain stem or spinal cord
What is the relationship between the preganglionic neuron and the ganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?
The preganglionic neuron controls the ganglionic neuron in the periphery
What is the effect of stimulation of the lower motor neuron on the skeletal muscle fibers?
Excitatory
What is the main difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system in terms of the control of effector organs?
The somatic system controls skeletal muscles, while the autonomic system controls visceral effectors
Where are the somatic motor nuclei located in the central nervous system?
Both in the brain stem and spinal cord
What is the main function of the autonomic nuclei in the brain stem and spinal cord?
To control the preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system
What is the main difference between the lower motor neuron in the somatic nervous system and the preganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?
The lower motor neuron has a direct effect on skeletal muscle, while the preganglionic neuron has an indirect effect on visceral effectors
Where are the visceral motor nuclei located in the central nervous system?
In the hypothalamus
Which spinal nerve passes above its corresponding vertebra?
C7
In which direction is a herniated disc most likely to protrude?
Posterolateral
Which lumbar disc herniation is most common, affecting 45-50% of cases?
L5-S1
Which of the following is the best way to test the S1 myotome?
Ask the patient to stand on their tiptoes
What is the major symptom of disc herniation?
Low back pain radiating to the gluteal region, back of the thigh, and back of the leg
Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting high-frequency vibrations?
Pacinian corpuscle
What is the characteristic of rapidly adapting receptors?
Signals fade away after stimulus exposure
What is the purpose of the straight leg raise test (SLR) in disc herniation?
To evaluate the integrity of the sciatic nerve
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the preganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?
Its axon extends from the central nervous system (CNS) to synapse with the postganglionic neuron
Which of the following statements accurately describes the autonomic ganglion?
It is a motor ganglion that receives synaptic input from preganglionic neurons
Which region of the spinal cord gives rise to the spinal nerves that supply the upper limbs?
Cervical
What is the term used to describe the tapered inferior end of the spinal cord?
Conus medullaris
How many pairs of spinal nerves typically arise from the spinal cord?
31
Which of the following statements accurately describes the cauda equina?
It is the origin of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from the conus medullaris
Which statement accurately describes the length of the adult spinal cord?
It ranges from 42 to 45 cm in length
Which region of the spinal cord gives rise to the spinal nerves that supply the lower limbs?
Lumbar
Which of the following receptor types is specialized for detecting rapidly changing stimuli?
Rapidly adapting receptors
What is the adequate stimulus for thermoreceptors?
Changes in temperature
According to the labeled line theory, what information is carried by individual primary afferent fibers?
Information from a single type of receptor
Which of the following is NOT a component of the posterior white column-medial lemniscal pathway?
Anterior spinothalamic tract
What is the function of the receptive field for a sensory receptor?
To define the area of the skin from which the receptor receives sensation
Which of the following statements about receptor adaptation is true?
Receptor adaptation occurs when a receptor is continuously stimulated
What is the relationship between the density of receptors and the size of their receptive fields?
Higher receptor density leads to smaller receptive fields
Learn about the anatomical divisions of the nervous system, including the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Explore the functions of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
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