Hamdan - Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for communication between the CNS and the rest of the body?

  • Sensory Division
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Motor Division
  • Peripheral Nervous System (correct)

    • What is the function of autonomic (visceral) sensory neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

  • Conduct impulses from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
  • Convey information to CNS from sensory receptors in the skin
  • Convey information to CNS from autonomic sensory receptors (correct)
  • Conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

    • Where are autonomic sensory receptors primarily located?

  • In the skin and skeletal muscles
  • In smooth muscle organs in thorax, abdomen, and pelvis (correct)
  • In joints and muscular tissues
  • In the brain and spinal cord

    • Which part of the brain is considered part of the forebrain?

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the motor division in the Peripheral Nervous System?

    <p>Conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles/glands)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fibers inform the CNS of the state of body interior and exterior?

    <p>Visceral nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of autonomic motor neurons?

    <p>INVOLUNTARY (generally)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for integration and control?

    <p>(Prosencephalon)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the upper motor neuron in the somatic nervous system?

    <p>To control the lower motor neuron in the brain stem or spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the preganglionic neuron and the ganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>The preganglionic neuron controls the ganglionic neuron in the periphery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stimulation of the lower motor neuron on the skeletal muscle fibers?

    <p>Excitatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system in terms of the control of effector organs?

    <p>The somatic system controls skeletal muscles, while the autonomic system controls visceral effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the somatic motor nuclei located in the central nervous system?

    <p>Both in the brain stem and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the autonomic nuclei in the brain stem and spinal cord?

    <p>To control the preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the lower motor neuron in the somatic nervous system and the preganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>The lower motor neuron has a direct effect on skeletal muscle, while the preganglionic neuron has an indirect effect on visceral effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the visceral motor nuclei located in the central nervous system?

    <p>In the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal nerve passes above its corresponding vertebra?

    <p>C7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction is a herniated disc most likely to protrude?

    <p>Posterolateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lumbar disc herniation is most common, affecting 45-50% of cases?

    <p>L5-S1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best way to test the S1 myotome?

    <p>Ask the patient to stand on their tiptoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major symptom of disc herniation?

    <p>Low back pain radiating to the gluteal region, back of the thigh, and back of the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting high-frequency vibrations?

    <p>Pacinian corpuscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of rapidly adapting receptors?

    <p>Signals fade away after stimulus exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the straight leg raise test (SLR) in disc herniation?

    <p>To evaluate the integrity of the sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the role of the preganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Its axon extends from the central nervous system (CNS) to synapse with the postganglionic neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the autonomic ganglion?

    <p>It is a motor ganglion that receives synaptic input from preganglionic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the spinal cord gives rise to the spinal nerves that supply the upper limbs?

    <p>Cervical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the tapered inferior end of the spinal cord?

    <p>Conus medullaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of spinal nerves typically arise from the spinal cord?

    <p>31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the cauda equina?

    <p>It is the origin of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from the conus medullaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the length of the adult spinal cord?

    <p>It ranges from 42 to 45 cm in length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the spinal cord gives rise to the spinal nerves that supply the lower limbs?

    <p>Lumbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following receptor types is specialized for detecting rapidly changing stimuli?

    <p>Rapidly adapting receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adequate stimulus for thermoreceptors?

    <p>Changes in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the labeled line theory, what information is carried by individual primary afferent fibers?

    <p>Information from a single type of receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the posterior white column-medial lemniscal pathway?

    <p>Anterior spinothalamic tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the receptive field for a sensory receptor?

    <p>To define the area of the skin from which the receptor receives sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about receptor adaptation is true?

    <p>Receptor adaptation occurs when a receptor is continuously stimulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the density of receptors and the size of their receptive fields?

    <p>Higher receptor density leads to smaller receptive fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

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