Hamdan - Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for communication between the CNS and the rest of the body?

  • Sensory Division
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Motor Division
  • Peripheral Nervous System (correct)

What is the function of autonomic (visceral) sensory neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

  • Conduct impulses from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
  • Convey information to CNS from sensory receptors in the skin
  • Convey information to CNS from autonomic sensory receptors (correct)
  • Conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

Where are autonomic sensory receptors primarily located?

  • In the skin and skeletal muscles
  • In smooth muscle organs in thorax, abdomen, and pelvis (correct)
  • In joints and muscular tissues
  • In the brain and spinal cord

Which part of the brain is considered part of the forebrain?

<p>Cerebrum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the motor division in the Peripheral Nervous System?

<p>Conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles/glands) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve fibers inform the CNS of the state of body interior and exterior?

<p>Visceral nerve fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of autonomic motor neurons?

<p>INVOLUNTARY (generally) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for integration and control?

<p>(Prosencephalon) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the upper motor neuron in the somatic nervous system?

<p>To control the lower motor neuron in the brain stem or spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the preganglionic neuron and the ganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?

<p>The preganglionic neuron controls the ganglionic neuron in the periphery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stimulation of the lower motor neuron on the skeletal muscle fibers?

<p>Excitatory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system in terms of the control of effector organs?

<p>The somatic system controls skeletal muscles, while the autonomic system controls visceral effectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the somatic motor nuclei located in the central nervous system?

<p>Both in the brain stem and spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the autonomic nuclei in the brain stem and spinal cord?

<p>To control the preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the lower motor neuron in the somatic nervous system and the preganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?

<p>The lower motor neuron has a direct effect on skeletal muscle, while the preganglionic neuron has an indirect effect on visceral effectors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the visceral motor nuclei located in the central nervous system?

<p>In the hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal nerve passes above its corresponding vertebra?

<p>C7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction is a herniated disc most likely to protrude?

<p>Posterolateral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lumbar disc herniation is most common, affecting 45-50% of cases?

<p>L5-S1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best way to test the S1 myotome?

<p>Ask the patient to stand on their tiptoes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major symptom of disc herniation?

<p>Low back pain radiating to the gluteal region, back of the thigh, and back of the leg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting high-frequency vibrations?

<p>Pacinian corpuscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of rapidly adapting receptors?

<p>Signals fade away after stimulus exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the straight leg raise test (SLR) in disc herniation?

<p>To evaluate the integrity of the sciatic nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of the preganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Its axon extends from the central nervous system (CNS) to synapse with the postganglionic neuron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the autonomic ganglion?

<p>It is a motor ganglion that receives synaptic input from preganglionic neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the spinal cord gives rise to the spinal nerves that supply the upper limbs?

<p>Cervical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the tapered inferior end of the spinal cord?

<p>Conus medullaris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of spinal nerves typically arise from the spinal cord?

<p>31 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the cauda equina?

<p>It is the origin of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from the conus medullaris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the length of the adult spinal cord?

<p>It ranges from 42 to 45 cm in length (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the spinal cord gives rise to the spinal nerves that supply the lower limbs?

<p>Lumbar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following receptor types is specialized for detecting rapidly changing stimuli?

<p>Rapidly adapting receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the adequate stimulus for thermoreceptors?

<p>Changes in temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the labeled line theory, what information is carried by individual primary afferent fibers?

<p>Information from a single type of receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the posterior white column-medial lemniscal pathway?

<p>Anterior spinothalamic tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the receptive field for a sensory receptor?

<p>To define the area of the skin from which the receptor receives sensation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about receptor adaptation is true?

<p>Receptor adaptation occurs when a receptor is continuously stimulated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the density of receptors and the size of their receptive fields?

<p>Higher receptor density leads to smaller receptive fields (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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