Organization and Management Week 1 & 2

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of management as defined by Cabrera, et al.?

Implementing new technologies in the workplace

Coordinating work performance for collective goals (correct)

Maximizing individual performance only

Conducting individual assessments for promotions

According to Mary Parker Follett, management is primarily considered as what?

A framework for process optimization

An art of getting things done through other people (correct)

A technical skill used for analytics

An art of gaining control over resources

What distinguishes the concept of effectiveness in management?

Following strict organizational protocols

Maximizing input with minimal output

Achieving tasks with minimal cost

Generating the desired results or outcomes (correct)

How does Peter Drucker differentiate between efficiency and effectiveness?

Efficiency is about doing things right; effectiveness is about doing the right things Signup and view all the answers

In which managerial function are organizational goals set and performance objectives defined?

Planning Signup and view all the answers

What key action is involved in the organizing function of management?

Identifying necessary tasks and ensuring resource availability Signup and view all the answers

Which prominent organizational theorist defined management as the art of ensuring goals are accomplished in an economical way?

Frederick W. Taylor Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the roles of effectiveness and efficiency in management?

Effectiveness is the same as efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of Unity of Command emphasize in an organization?

Orders and directives must come from one administrator. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles stresses the importance of fair treatment among employees?

Equity Signup and view all the answers

According to Fayol's principles, what is essential for stabilizing employee turnover?

Hiring the right people for the job Signup and view all the answers

What does Weber indicate as a key component of bureaucracy?

Hierarchical identification of job positions Signup and view all the answers

Which principle focuses on empowering employees in the decision-making process?

Initiative Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of Order emphasize in management?

Providing necessary resources for task completion Signup and view all the answers

Which principle should be prioritized to foster trust and team spirit in an organization?

Esprit de Corps Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bureaucracy ensures that every individual is treated equally?

Detailed rules and regulations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of management within an organization?

Achieving the organization’s goals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not one of the five functions of management?

Marketing Signup and view all the answers

Why is harmonious relations important in an organization?

It enhances team collaboration and productivity. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential when hiring employees for job positions?

Matching the right person to the right job. Signup and view all the answers

What should be in place to encourage employee performance?

Incentives and motivational programs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the controlling function in management?

To monitor organizational performance against goals Signup and view all the answers

What happens when management practices are tested and approved over time?

They evolve into established management theories. Signup and view all the answers

What does management aim for while working towards organizational goals?

Maximum output with minimum resource input Signup and view all the answers

What concept did W.Edwards Deming and Joseph M.Juran introduce in the 1950s?

Total Quality Management Signup and view all the answers

Which countries first applied the principles of Total Quality Management effectively?

Japan Signup and view all the answers

What did the Organizational Behavior (OB) approach emphasize in management?

The study of teams and individuals within organizations Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of personnel management?

Robert Owen Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did Robert Owen advocate for regarding child labor?

Restriction of child labor to children aged ten and older Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did Mary Parker Follett emphasize in organizational management?

Considering individual and group behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus of Total Quality Management?

Market dominance Signup and view all the answers

In which aspect did Total Quality Management place great importance?

Customer needs and expectations Signup and view all the answers

What approach does the content suggest for maintaining employee-management relations?

Power with Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of industrial/organizational psychology?

Hugo Munsterberg Signup and view all the answers

What was Hugo Munsterberg's recommendation regarding employee selection?

Administering psychological tests Signup and view all the answers

Chester Barnard viewed organizations as primarily composed of what?

Cooperative systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?

Customer needs and satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

What does the Organizational Behaviour (OB) Approach consider when making managerial decisions?

Behavior and actions of individuals Signup and view all the answers

What theory is W. Frederick Taylor associated with?

Scientific Management Theory Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to an organization's optimum efficiency according to Hugo Munsterberg?

Alignment of individual behavior with organizational goals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Management Overview

Management is the process of coordinating and overseeing individual work performance in organizations to achieve goals efficiently.
Effective management is vital for harmonious teamwork and the achievement of organizational objectives.

Definitions of Management

Mary Parker Follett described management as "the art of getting things done through other people."
Frederick W. Taylor emphasized knowing what needs to be done and achieving it economically.
Harold Koontz viewed management as achieving results through people in organized groups.

Key Concepts

Effectiveness: Generating the desired outcome or purpose.
Efficiency: Maximizing output while minimizing input and resources.
Peter Drucker stated, “Efficiency is doing things right; effectiveness is doing the right things.”

Managerial Functions

Planning: Setting organizational goals and defining strategic actions to achieve them.
Organizing: Identifying tasks and ensuring available resources for their completion.
Staffing: Determining job positions based on organizational size and hiring the right individuals for those roles.
Leading: Motivating and influencing employees to achieve organizational goals through incentives.
Controlling: Evaluating organizational performance and making necessary adjustments to stay on track.

Management Theories

Management theories have been tested and have evolved based on practitioners' experiences in the field.

Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management

Work Division: Emphasizes specialization for workers.
Authority: Managers must possess the right to issue orders.
Discipline: Compliance with organizational rules is essential.
Unity of Command: Clear directions should come from one manager.
Unity of Direction: A single plan should guide employee efforts.
Subordination of Individual to the Group: Group interests should take precedence over individual desires.
Remuneration: Fair compensation is crucial for employee satisfaction.
Centralization: Decision-making should be balanced across all levels of the organization.
Scalar Chain of Authority: Maintain open communication from top management to all employees.
Order: Necessary resources should be accessible to employees.
Equity: Fair treatment among employees enhances morale.
Stability of Tenure: Hiring the right people reduces turnover.
Initiative: Encourage employees to share ideas and contribute to progress.
Esprit de Corps: Foster teamwork and trust among employees.

Weber's Bureaucracy

Max Weber advocated for bureaucracy as an efficient organizational structure characterized by:
- Division of labor.
- Hierarchical job positions.
- Detailed rules and regulations.
- Impersonal relationships among employees.

Total Quality Management (TQM)

TQM, introduced by W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran, emphasizes customer needs and satisfaction.
Initially met with skepticism in the US but gained traction after successful applications by Japanese manufacturers.

Organizational Behavior (OB) Approach

Focuses on studying individuals and group behaviors to inform management decisions.
Prominent figures include:
- Robert Owen: Advocated for improved working conditions and the end of child labor.
- Mary Parker Follett: Emphasized group behavior and cooperative management.
- Hugo Munsterberg: Recommended psychological assessments for proper job placements.
- Chester Barnard: Viewed organizations as cooperative systems, where both top-down goals and bottom-up willing participation are essential.

Summary of Key Theories

Taylor's Scientific Management Theory or Taylorism: Establishes systematic procedures for economic efficiency.
General Administrative Theory: Focuses on managerial functions and effective management practices.
Total Quality Management (TQM): Prioritizes customer needs and satisfaction.
Organizational Behavior (OB) Approach: Considers individual behavior in managerial decision-making.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of organization and management, focusing specifically on the meaning and functions of management. At the end of the lesson, learners will gain insights into the roles of real-life managers. Prepare to explore key concepts that form the foundation of effective management practices.