Organic Molecules Flashcards

Study Notes

Amino Acids

Essential building blocks of proteins.
Composed of an amino group and a carboxyl group.

Steroids

Type of lipid with a unique carbon skeleton of four fused rings.
Various functional groups can be attached to the rings.

Saturated Fatty Acids

Do not have double bonds between carbon atoms.
Typically solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Contain at least one double bond in their carbon chain.
Usually liquid at room temperature and derived from plant sources.

Fatty Acids

Comprised of chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms.
Serve as key components in lipid structures.

Sugars / Simple Chain Sugars

Basic form of carbohydrates.
Provide a quick source of energy.

Disaccharides

Composed of two monosaccharides.
Examples include:
- Sucrose: made from glucose and fructose.
- Lactose: made from glucose and galactose (found in milk).
- Maltose: results from starch breakdown.

Nitrogenous Bases

Include Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
Fundamental components of nucleic acids.

Nucleotides

Basic units of DNA and RNA.
Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of the four nitrogenous bases.

Carbohydrates

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Major source of energy for the human body.

Lipids

Energy-rich organic compounds, including fats, oils, and waxes.
Made primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Proteins

Vital nutrients that help build body tissues and supply energy.
Composed entirely of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Nucleic Acids

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.
Key players in genetic information storage and transfer.

Description

Test your knowledge on organic molecules with this engaging flashcard quiz. Explore key concepts including amino acids, steroids, and saturated fatty acids, and learn about their structures and functions. Perfect for students studying biology or chemistry.