Organic Molecules and Their Biological Roles Quiz

Organic Molecules and Their Structure

• Organic molecules are based on carbon's ability to covalently bond with up to four atoms due to its four valence electrons.
• There are four types of organic molecules present in living things: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acids.
• Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are involved in energy storage, structural components, enzymes, and the immune system.
• Lipids, including fats, oils, and hormones, play a critical role in energy storage, biological signaling, and are structural components in cell membranes.
• Proteins are composed of amino acids and are involved in various bodily functions, such as digestion, antibody production, and hormone regulation.
• Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, carry genetic information and direct protein synthesis in living organisms.
• The structure of organic molecules is based on carbon's ability to form up to four chemical bonds, known as functional groups.
• Basic functional groups in organic molecules include hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone, carboxyl, amine, phosphate, and ester.
• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids contain different basic functional groups, giving them distinct chemical properties.
• A polymer is a large molecule made up of repeating subunits called monomers, and organic polymers contain carbon in their subunits.
• Carbohydrates, as organic polymers, can be monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides, with glucose being an example of a monosaccharide.
• Other examples of organic polymers include nucleic acids (such as DNA) and proteins, which form from amino acids.