Questions and Answers
What is a compound?
What are organic compounds?
Compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
What are inorganic compounds?
Compounds that do not contain carbon.
What are lipids?
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What are carbohydrates?
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What are proteins?
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What are nucleic acids?
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What is an element?
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What are the functions of carbohydrates?
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What are the functions of lipids?
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What are the functions of proteins?
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What are enzymes?
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Give examples of foods that contain starch.
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What is DNA?
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What is RNA?
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Give examples of foods that contain fiber.
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Give examples of foods that contain protein.
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Give examples of foods that contain lipids.
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What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
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What are the monomers of lipids?
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What is the monomer of protein?
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What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
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Match the examples or types of carbohydrates:
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Match the examples or types of lipids:
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Match the examples or types of proteins:
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Match the examples of nucleic acids:
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What is a monosaccharide?
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What is a disaccharide?
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What is a polysaccharide?
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Study Notes
Organic Compounds Overview
- Compounds consist of atoms from two or more different elements connected by chemical bonds.
Types of Compounds
- Organic Compounds: Contain carbon-carbon bonds; major types include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
- Inorganic Compounds: Lack carbon; examples include water and sodium chloride (NaCl).
Major Classes of Organic Compounds
- Lipids: Energy-dense compounds formed from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, including fats, oils, and waxes.
- Carbohydrates: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples include glucose, starch, and cellulose (fiber).
- Proteins: Made from amino acids; essential for various bodily functions.
- Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, key to genetic information and cellular instructions.
Elements and Their Importance
- Element: A pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.
Functions of Organic Compounds
- Carbohydrates: Primary quick energy source, provide structural support in plant cell walls.
- Lipids: Function in energy storage, cell membrane formation, insulation, and organ protection.
- Proteins: Structural components of cells, act as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions.
Enzymes
- Proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells.
Food Sources for Organic Compounds
- Starch Sources: Found in pasta, bread, potatoes, corn, and rice.
- Protein Sources: Present in meats, dairy, eggs, nuts, beans, and soy.
- Fat Sources: Include meats, dairy, vegetable oils, butter, fried, and processed foods.
- Fiber Sources: Available in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Components of Organic Compounds
- Monomer of Carbohydrates: Simple sugars (monosaccharides) such as glucose.
- Monomers of Lipids: Glycerol and fatty acids.
- Monomer of Proteins: Amino acids, building blocks for protein synthesis.
- Monomer of Nucleic Acids: Nucleotide units that make up DNA and RNA.
Types of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: Single sugar units, e.g., glucose and fructose.
- Disaccharides: Formed from two monosaccharides, examples include sucrose and lactose.
- Polysaccharides: Complex carbs formed from multiple monosaccharides, such as cellulose, starch, and glycogen.
Examples by Compound Type
- Carbohydrates: Sugar, starch, cellulose.
- Lipids: Fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol.
- Proteins: Enzymes (like lactase), hemoglobin, keratin.
- Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on organic and inorganic compounds. Learn key definitions and classifications essential for understanding chemistry. Perfect for beginners and those refreshing their knowledge in organic chemistry.