Organic Compounds Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a compound?

A substance made up of atoms of one element

An organic compound containing carbon

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds (correct)

A pure substance that cannot be broken down

What are organic compounds?

Compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.

What are inorganic compounds?

Compounds that do not contain carbon.

What are lipids?

Energy-rich organic compounds such as fats, oils, and waxes. Signup and view all the answers

What are carbohydrates?

Class of organic compounds containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins?

Organic compounds whose building blocks are amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleic acids?

Organic compounds that include DNA and RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is an element?

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

The body's main source of quick energy; provide structure to the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of lipids?

Energy storage and protection of organs. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of proteins?

Build body structures and act as enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What are enzymes?

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of foods that contain starch.

Pasta, bread, potatoes, corn, rice. Signup and view all the answers

What is DNA?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is RNA?

Ribonucleic Acid. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of foods that contain fiber.

Fruits and vegetables, whole grains. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of foods that contain protein.

Meats, dairy products, eggs, nuts, beans, soy. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of foods that contain lipids.

Meats, dairy products, vegetable oils, butter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Simple sugar (monosaccharide). Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers of lipids?

Glycerol and fatty acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of protein?

Amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Nucleotide. Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples or types of carbohydrates:

Sugar = Simple carbohydrates Starch = Complex carbohydrates Cellulose (fiber) = Complex carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples or types of lipids:

Fats = Energy storage Oils = Liquid lipids Waxes = Protective coatings Cholesterol = Steroid structure Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples or types of proteins:

Enzymes (example: Lactase) = Biological catalysts Hemoglobin = Transport protein Keratin = Structural protein Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples of nucleic acids:

DNA = Genetic information RNA = Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a monosaccharide?

A simple sugar containing one 6-carbon sugar unit. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disaccharide?

A simple sugar molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Signup and view all the answers

What is a polysaccharide?

A complex carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharide units. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organic Compounds Overview

Compounds consist of atoms from two or more different elements connected by chemical bonds.

Types of Compounds

Organic Compounds: Contain carbon-carbon bonds; major types include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Inorganic Compounds: Lack carbon; examples include water and sodium chloride (NaCl).

Major Classes of Organic Compounds

Lipids: Energy-dense compounds formed from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, including fats, oils, and waxes.
Carbohydrates: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples include glucose, starch, and cellulose (fiber).
Proteins: Made from amino acids; essential for various bodily functions.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, key to genetic information and cellular instructions.

Elements and Their Importance

Element: A pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.

Functions of Organic Compounds

Carbohydrates: Primary quick energy source, provide structural support in plant cell walls.
Lipids: Function in energy storage, cell membrane formation, insulation, and organ protection.
Proteins: Structural components of cells, act as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions.

Enzymes

Proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells.

Food Sources for Organic Compounds

Starch Sources: Found in pasta, bread, potatoes, corn, and rice.
Protein Sources: Present in meats, dairy, eggs, nuts, beans, and soy.
Fat Sources: Include meats, dairy, vegetable oils, butter, fried, and processed foods.
Fiber Sources: Available in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Components of Organic Compounds

Monomer of Carbohydrates: Simple sugars (monosaccharides) such as glucose.
Monomers of Lipids: Glycerol and fatty acids.
Monomer of Proteins: Amino acids, building blocks for protein synthesis.
Monomer of Nucleic Acids: Nucleotide units that make up DNA and RNA.

Types of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides: Single sugar units, e.g., glucose and fructose.
Disaccharides: Formed from two monosaccharides, examples include sucrose and lactose.
Polysaccharides: Complex carbs formed from multiple monosaccharides, such as cellulose, starch, and glycogen.

Examples by Compound Type

Carbohydrates: Sugar, starch, cellulose.
Lipids: Fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol.
Proteins: Enzymes (like lactase), hemoglobin, keratin.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on organic and inorganic compounds. Learn key definitions and classifications essential for understanding chemistry. Perfect for beginners and those refreshing their knowledge in organic chemistry.