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Questions and Answers
Which of the following observations would indicate a positive result for the Tollen's test when performed on an unknown organic compound?
Which of the following observations would indicate a positive result for the Tollen's test when performed on an unknown organic compound?
- No observable change.
- Decolorization of bromine water.
- Formation of an orange-red precipitate.
- Formation of a silver mirror. (correct)
Which of the following correctly describes the expected outcome of a Lucas test on a secondary alcohol?
Which of the following correctly describes the expected outcome of a Lucas test on a secondary alcohol?
- Turbidity forms within approximately 5 minutes. (correct)
- No turbidity at room temperature.
- Immediate turbidity.
- Formation of a precipitate soluble in NaOH.
A researcher performs a Hinsberg test on an unknown amine and observes that a precipitate forms, which is insoluble in NaOH. Which type of amine is most likely present?
A researcher performs a Hinsberg test on an unknown amine and observes that a precipitate forms, which is insoluble in NaOH. Which type of amine is most likely present?
- Primary amine.
- Tertiary amine.
- Quaternary ammonium salt.
- Secondary amine. (correct)
Which of the following observations would differentiate phenol from benzoic acid using a neutral FeCl3 test?
Which of the following observations would differentiate phenol from benzoic acid using a neutral FeCl3 test?
Which of the following correctly matches the organic compound to its expected observation in the Bromoform test?
Which of the following correctly matches the organic compound to its expected observation in the Bromoform test?
A researcher observes no reaction when adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to an unknown liquid sample. Which of the following compounds can be ruled out as a major component of the sample?
A researcher observes no reaction when adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to an unknown liquid sample. Which of the following compounds can be ruled out as a major component of the sample?
A chemist performs the iodoform test on two unknown samples. Sample A yields a yellow precipitate, while Sample B shows no observable change. Based on these results, what can be concluded about the original composition of Sample A?
A chemist performs the iodoform test on two unknown samples. Sample A yields a yellow precipitate, while Sample B shows no observable change. Based on these results, what can be concluded about the original composition of Sample A?
Which of the following pairs of compounds can be best distinguished by observing the formation of a silver mirror when Tollen's reagent is added and heated?
Which of the following pairs of compounds can be best distinguished by observing the formation of a silver mirror when Tollen's reagent is added and heated?
A laboratory technician adds neutral Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) to two separate samples. Sample 1 turns wine red, while sample 2 turns violet. Which pair of compounds is most likely present in Sample 1 and Sample 2, respectively?
A laboratory technician adds neutral Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) to two separate samples. Sample 1 turns wine red, while sample 2 turns violet. Which pair of compounds is most likely present in Sample 1 and Sample 2, respectively?
A researcher is trying to identify an unknown compound. Upon adding chloroform (CHCl3) and alcoholic potassium hydroxide (KOH) to the compound, a foul odor is detected. Which of the following functional groups is most likely present in the unknown compound?
A researcher is trying to identify an unknown compound. Upon adding chloroform (CHCl3) and alcoholic potassium hydroxide (KOH) to the compound, a foul odor is detected. Which of the following functional groups is most likely present in the unknown compound?
Consider two compounds: aniline and dimethyl aniline. Which of the following observations from a carbylamine test would best distinguish between them?
Consider two compounds: aniline and dimethyl aniline. Which of the following observations from a carbylamine test would best distinguish between them?
A student performs Fehling's test on an unknown compound and observes the formation of an orange-red precipitate. Based on this observation, which of the following functional groups is most likely present in the unknown compound?
A student performs Fehling's test on an unknown compound and observes the formation of an orange-red precipitate. Based on this observation, which of the following functional groups is most likely present in the unknown compound?
Which of the following reagents would be most suitable for differentiating between acetic acid and phenol based on a color change?
Which of the following reagents would be most suitable for differentiating between acetic acid and phenol based on a color change?
A chemist has two unlabeled compounds, acetophenone and benzophenone. Which of the following tests would conclusively differentiate between them?
A chemist has two unlabeled compounds, acetophenone and benzophenone. Which of the following tests would conclusively differentiate between them?
Two unknown liquids are suspected to be either 2-pentanone or 3-pentanone. Which test would definitively identify which liquid is which?
Two unknown liquids are suspected to be either 2-pentanone or 3-pentanone. Which test would definitively identify which liquid is which?
Acetaldehyde and acetone can both be oxidized, but require different reagents to do so. Which of the following options correctly describes a test that differentiates them based on this difference?
Acetaldehyde and acetone can both be oxidized, but require different reagents to do so. Which of the following options correctly describes a test that differentiates them based on this difference?
To distinguish between acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde, a student proposes using both Fehling's test and the iodoform test. Why is this a suitable approach?
To distinguish between acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde, a student proposes using both Fehling's test and the iodoform test. Why is this a suitable approach?
A chemist needs to differentiate between acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in the lab. Which single test will help them distinguish the two compounds effectively?
A chemist needs to differentiate between acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in the lab. Which single test will help them distinguish the two compounds effectively?
A lab technician is given two unlabeled samples: acetamide and ethylamine. Which of the following tests would best differentiate them based on their chemical properties?
A lab technician is given two unlabeled samples: acetamide and ethylamine. Which of the following tests would best differentiate them based on their chemical properties?
Consider two organic compounds, $CH_3COCH_3$ (acetone) and $CH_3CHO$ (acetaldehyde). Which statement accurately describes how to differentiate them using a simple chemical test?
Consider two organic compounds, $CH_3COCH_3$ (acetone) and $CH_3CHO$ (acetaldehyde). Which statement accurately describes how to differentiate them using a simple chemical test?
You have two unlabeled containers, one containing propanal and the other propanone (acetone). Which of the following tests will best distinguish between these two compounds?
You have two unlabeled containers, one containing propanal and the other propanone (acetone). Which of the following tests will best distinguish between these two compounds?
In a diazotization-coupling reaction, aniline is treated with cold $NaNO_2$ and concentrated $HCl$, followed by phenol. What is the major product of this reaction, and what observable change would confirm its formation?
In a diazotization-coupling reaction, aniline is treated with cold $NaNO_2$ and concentrated $HCl$, followed by phenol. What is the major product of this reaction, and what observable change would confirm its formation?
Which of the listed pairs of compounds can be distinguished using the Iodoform test?
Which of the listed pairs of compounds can be distinguished using the Iodoform test?
A chemist has two unknown compounds. One gives a positive result to both Fehling's test and Schiff's test, while the other gives negative results for both tests. Which of the following pairs of compounds could they be?
A chemist has two unknown compounds. One gives a positive result to both Fehling's test and Schiff's test, while the other gives negative results for both tests. Which of the following pairs of compounds could they be?
Tollen's reagent is used to distinguish between which of the following pairs of compounds based on the formation of a silver mirror?
Tollen's reagent is used to distinguish between which of the following pairs of compounds based on the formation of a silver mirror?
Which of the following compounds will restore the pink color of Schiff's reagent after it has been decolorized?
Which of the following compounds will restore the pink color of Schiff's reagent after it has been decolorized?
A student performs the iodoform test on two unknown liquid samples. Sample A gives a positive result, while sample B gives a negative result. If sample A is known to be an alcohol, which of the following could it be?
A student performs the iodoform test on two unknown liquid samples. Sample A gives a positive result, while sample B gives a negative result. If sample A is known to be an alcohol, which of the following could it be?
A chemist has two unlabeled containers, one with ethanol and the other with diethyl ether. Which of the following tests would allow the chemist to correctly label the containers?
A chemist has two unlabeled containers, one with ethanol and the other with diethyl ether. Which of the following tests would allow the chemist to correctly label the containers?
When testing an unknown compound, a student performs the iodoform test and observes the formation of a yellow precipitate. Which functional group is most likely present in the unknown compound?
When testing an unknown compound, a student performs the iodoform test and observes the formation of a yellow precipitate. Which functional group is most likely present in the unknown compound?
Flashcards
Iodoform Test
Iodoform Test
A reaction that produces a yellow precipitate of iodoform when iodine and sodium hydroxide are added to a compound containing a methyl ketone or secondary alcohol with a methyl group in the alpha position.
Tollen's Test
Tollen's Test
Distinguishes between aldehydes and ketones using ammoniacal silver nitrate, forming a silver mirror with aldehydes.
Fehling's Test
Fehling's Test
Tests for aldehydes using alkaline copper sulfate and sodium potassium tartrate, forming an orange-red precipitate with aldehydes.
Acetophenone vs. Benzophenone
Acetophenone vs. Benzophenone
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2-Pentanone vs. 3-Pentanone
2-Pentanone vs. 3-Pentanone
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Acetaldehyde vs. Acetone
Acetaldehyde vs. Acetone
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Acetaldehyde vs. Benzaldehyde (Fehling's Test)
Acetaldehyde vs. Benzaldehyde (Fehling's Test)
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Carbylamine Test
Carbylamine Test
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Br2 Water Test
Br2 Water Test
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Lucas Test
Lucas Test
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Hinsberg Test
Hinsberg Test
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NaHCO3 Test: Positive Result
NaHCO3 Test: Positive Result
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Fehling's Test: Positive Result
Fehling's Test: Positive Result
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Tollen's Reagent Test: Positive Result
Tollen's Reagent Test: Positive Result
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Neutral FeCl3 Test: Acetic Acid
Neutral FeCl3 Test: Acetic Acid
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Neutral FeCl3 Test: Phenol
Neutral FeCl3 Test: Phenol
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Carbylamine Test: Positive Result
Carbylamine Test: Positive Result
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Iodoform Test: Positive Result
Iodoform Test: Positive Result
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neutral FeCl3 test: Positive Result
neutral FeCl3 test: Positive Result
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Diazotization-Coupling Reaction
Diazotization-Coupling Reaction
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Tollen's Reagent Test
Tollen's Reagent Test
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Schiff's Reagent Test
Schiff's Reagent Test
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Ethanol and Iodoform
Ethanol and Iodoform
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Positive Iodoform Test Result
Positive Iodoform Test Result
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Distinguishing Ethanol from Phenol
Distinguishing Ethanol from Phenol
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Study Notes
- These notes summarize tests used to differentiate between organic compounds.
Experiment 1: Iodoform Test
- To the sample, iodine and sodium hydroxide are added, then heated in a water bath.
- Acetophenone yields a yellow precipitate of iodoform.
- Benzophenone exhibits no characteristic observation.
Experiment 2: Iodoform Test
- To the sample, iodine and sodium hydroxide are added, then heated in a water bath.
- 2-pentanone yields a yellow precipitate of iodoform.
- 3-pentanone exhibits no characteristic observation.
Experiment 3
Tollen's Test (A)
- To the sample, ammoniacal silver nitrate is added and heated in a water bath.
- Acetaldehyde forms a silver mirror on the inner walls of the test tube.
- Acetone/propanone exhibits no characteristic observation.
Fehling's Test (B)
- To the sample, alkaline copper sulphate and sodium potassium tartrate are added, then heated in a water bath.
- Acetaldehyde forms an orange-red precipitate of Cu2O.
- Acetone/propanone exhibits no characteristic observation.
Experiment 4
Fehling's Test (A)
- To the sample, alkaline copper sulphate and sodium potassium tartrate are added, then heated in a water bath.
- Acetaldehyde forms an orange-red precipitate of Cu2O.
- Benzaldehyde exhibits no characteristic observation.
Iodoform Test (B)
- To the sample, iodine and sodium hydroxide are added, then heated in a water bath.
- Acetaldehyde yields a yellow precipitate of iodoform.
- Benzaldehyde exhibits no characteristic observation.
Experiment 5: Iodoform Test
- To the sample iodine and sodium hydroxide is added and heated in a water bath.
- Acetaldehyde yields a yellow precipitate of iodoform.
- Formaldehyde exhibits no characteristic observation.
Experiment 6: Carbylamine Test (A)
- To the sample, CHCl3 and alcoholic KOH added, then warmed in a water bath.
- Acetamide has no characteristic observation.
- Ethylamine has a foul smelling carbyl amine formed.
Experiment 7: With NaHCO3
- To the sample NaHCO3 is added.
- Acetic acid causes brisk effervescence that turns lime water milky.
- Acetone exhibits no characteristic observation.
Iodoform test
- Added iodine and sodium hydroxide and heated in a water bath.
- Acetic acid has no characteristic observation.
- Acetone yields a yellow precipitate of iodoform.
Experiment 8
Fehling's test (A)
- Alkaline copper sulphate and sodium potassium tartrate is added and heated in a water bath.
- Acetic acid has no characteristic observation.
- Formic acid yields an orange-red precipitate of Cu2O.
Tollen's reagent (B)
- Ammoniacal silver nitrate is added and heated in a water bath.
- Acetic acid exhibits no characteristic observation.
- Formic acid forms a silver mirror on the inner walls of the test tube.
Neutral FeCl3 test (C)
- Neutral FeCl3 is added and warmed in a water bath.
- Acetic acid has a wine-red coloration
- Formic acid has a brown colour
Experiment 9
With neutral FeCl3 test (A)
- To the sample added neutral FeCl3 and warmed in a water bath.
- Acetic acid yields wine red color from ferric acetate.
- Phenol yields violet color of iron phenoxide.
With NaHCO3 test (B)
- Add to the sample NaHCO3
- Acetic acid gives brisk effervescence.
- Phenol has no characteristic observation.
Experiment 10
Carbylamine test (A)
- To the sample added CHCl3 and alcoholic KOH.
- Aniline yields a foul smelling carbyl amine.
- Phenol has no characteristic observation
Experiment 11
Carbylamine Test
- Add to the sample CHCl3 and alcoholic KOH and warm it in a water bath.
- Aniline yields a foul smelling carbyl amine.
- Dimethyl aniline has no characteristic observation.
Experiment 12: Diazotisation-Coupling Reaction
- To the sample, add cold NaNO2 and conc HCl followed by phenol between 0-5 degrees C.
- Aniline yields an orange-red color of p-hydroxy azo benzene.
- Ethylamine has no characteristic observation.
Experiment 13
Iodoform Test (A)
- Added iodine and sodium hydroxide and warm it in a water bath.
- Benzaldehyde has no characteristic observation.
- Acetaldehyde yields a yellow precipitate of iodoform.
Fehling's Test (B)
- Add alkaline copper sulphate and sodium potassium tartrate and heat in a water bath.
- Benzaldehyde has no characteristic observation.
- Acetaldehyde yields an orange-red precipitate of Cu2O.
Experiment: 14
Tollen's reagent:
- Benzaldehyde has no observation noted.
- Nitrobenzene has no observation noted.
Experiment: 15, Iodoform test
- Acetone yields yellow ppt of iodoform.
- Diethyl ether has no characteristic observation.
Experiment: 16, Iodoform test
- Ethanol, and it is the only alcohol which gives a positive iodoform test, and has a yellow ppt of iodoform.
- Diethyl ether has no characteristic observation.
Experiment: 17
Iodoform Test (A)
- Ethanol reacts giving yellow ppt of Iodoform.
- Phenol has no characteristic observation .
Br2 water test (B)
- Ethanol has no characteristic observation noted.
- Phenol shows a white ppt of 2,4,6 tribromophenol.
Experiment: 18
Tollen's Test (A)
- Glucose creates silver mirror. Success has no characteristic observation.
Fehling's Test (B)
- Glucose creates orange red ppt of Cu2O.
- Success has no characteristic observation
Experiment: 19 Bromine water test
- Both decolourises the red color of Bromine for Glucose and Fructose, and reacts to both Tollens and Fehlings reagents.
Experiment: 20, Add AgNO3 to both the samples
- Glucose has no characteristic observation noted with CHCl3.
- Fructose creates a pale yellow ppt of Agl from CHI3.
With Neutral FeCl3 Test
- Benzoic acid yields a buff color.
- Phenol yields a violet color.
Experiment: Lucas test
- Primary alcohol exhibits no turbidity at ordinary temperatures.
- Secondary alcohol exhibits turbidity within 5 min.
- Tertiary alcohol exhibits turbidity within seconds.
Experiment: Hinsberg test
- Primary amines form precipitate is formed is soluble in NaOH.
- Secondary amines exhibit precipitate, but it is insoluble in NaOH.
- Tertiary amines form no precipitate.
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Description
Summary of tests used to differentiate between organic compounds, including the iodoform, Tollen's, and Fehling's tests. Reactions with acetophenone, benzophenone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, acetaldehyde, and acetone are described. Includes observations for each reaction.
