Questions and Answers
What are the components of organic compounds?
What are nucleotides?
Chains of nucleic acids.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Nitrogen base, 5-carbon sugar, and phosphates.
Which of the following are examples of nucleic acids?
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What are the three groups of lipids?
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Fats can be classified as?
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What are phospholipids primarily important for?
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What are the subunits of fats?
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What are steroids made of?
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Which of the following are examples of steroids?
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What is the term for carbohydrates consisting of one sugar?
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What is the term for carbohydrates consisting of two sugars?
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What is the term for carbohydrates consisting of more than two sugars?
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Which of the following are examples of monosaccharides?
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Which of the following are examples of disaccharides?
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Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?
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Where is starch primarily found?
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Where is glycogen primarily found?
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What is the main function of starch and glycogen?
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What are proteins also known as?
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What are proteins made of?
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Which of the following are examples of proteins?
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Where can cholesterol be found?
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Study Notes
Organic Compounds
- Organic compounds are categorized into four major classes: nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids are polymers made up of nucleotide monomers.
- Each nucleotide consists of three components: a nitrogen base, a 5-carbon sugar, and phosphate groups.
- Key examples of nucleic acids include DNA, RNA, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Lipids
- Lipids can be classified into three primary groups: fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
- Fats can be categorized into saturated fats and unsaturated fats based on carbon bonding.
- Phospholipids are essential for forming cell membranes, providing structural integrity.
- The fundamental building blocks of fats are fatty acids.
- Steroids are distinguished by their structure, comprised of four interlinked carbon rings.
- Common examples of steroids include cholesterol and various hormones.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are classified based on the number of sugar units; monosaccharides contain one sugar, disaccharides consist of two sugars, and polysaccharides include multiple sugar units.
- Examples of monosaccharides are fructose, glucose, and galactose.
- Common disaccharides include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
- Polysaccharides include starch (found in plants) and glycogen (found in animals), both serving the primary function of energy storage.
Proteins
- Proteins are also referred to as polypeptides and are composed of long chains of amino acids.
- They play critical roles in biological functions, exhibiting diverse forms and functions.
- Notable examples of proteins include enzymes (catalysts for biochemical reactions), insulin (hormone regulating glucose), and hemoglobin (oxygen transport in blood).
Key Points on Storage
- Starch and glycogen are vital for energy storage, with starch primarily stored in plants and glycogen in animal tissues.
- Cholesterol can be sourced from dietary intake, especially from egg yolks.
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Description
Test your knowledge of organic compounds with this flashcard quiz. Covering topics like nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, these flashcards are designed to help you understand the basic building blocks of life. Perfect for students studying biology or biochemistry.
