Organic Chemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for Propyne?

  • Prop 1-yne (correct)
  • Propylene
  • Propen-1-ol
  • Prop 2-yne

What type of reaction occurs when alkanes are produced from alkyl halides using zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid?

  • Substitution
  • Reduction (correct)
  • Hydrolysis
  • Dehydrohalogenation

Which alkyl halide reacts to produce Ethane?

  • Chloromethane
  • Bromoethane
  • Chloroethane (correct)
  • 1-Bromopropane

What is the Wurtz reaction primarily used for?

<p>Synthesis of higher alkanes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What product is formed when 1-Chloropropane reacts with zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid?

<p>Propane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the reaction of sodium acetate with zinc in a dry ethereal solution yield?

<p>Higher alkanes and carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the treatment of alkyl halides with sodium metal?

<p>It leads to the formation of higher alkanes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions does NOT involve alkanes?

<p>Zinc + Sodium acetate - electrolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dipole moment of cis-but-2-ene?

<p>0.33 Debye (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is trans-but-2-ene considered non-polar?

<p>The methyl groups are arranged in opposite directions, canceling dipole moments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the melting points of cis and trans isomers is correct?

<p>Trans isomer has a higher melting point than cis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of isomerism do alkenes exhibit?

<p>Geometric isomerism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What catalyst is used for the partial reduction of alkynes to form alkenes?

<p>Lindlar's catalyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes cis alkene products of alkyne reduction?

<p>They have a cis configuration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds will display geometric isomerism?

<p>CH2 = CBr2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when alkynes are fully reduced with sodium in liquid ammonia?

<p>They form trans alkenes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for alkynes?

<p>C_nH_{2n-2} (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first stable member of the alkyne series?

<p>Ethyne (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of isomerism is exhibited by the isomers of alkynes?

<p>Structural isomerism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are alkynes typically named in the IUPAC system?

<p>As derivatives of acetylene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the 5-member alkyne series, what is the molecular formula?

<p>C6H10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for CHCl = CHCl?

<p>1,2-Dichloroethene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds will show cis-trans isomerism?

<p>(CH3)2C = CH – C2H5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction involves the elimination of hydrogen halide from alkyl halides to form alkenes?

<p>Dehydrohalogenation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for CH3 − C ≡ CH after hydrogenation?

<p>Butene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes?

<p>Pd/C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of elimination reactions, what does the 'β' refer to?

<p>The carbon that loses a hydrogen atom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a typical product of dehydrohalogenation of an alkyl halide?

<p>Alkene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction would NOT involve hydrogenation?

<p>C2H4 + H2O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of the reaction between alkenes and water in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid?

<p>Formation of alcohols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reagent is used for the oxidation of alkenes to produce vicinal glycols?

<p>Cold dilute aqueous potassium permanganate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process by which ethene molecules combine to form polythene?

<p>Polymerization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect does the Markovnikov rule apply during the addition of water to alkenes?

<p>Predicting the position of the alcohol group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of acidic potassium dichromate in reactions with alkenes?

<p>Oxidation of alkenes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature is used to indicate the position of the triple bond in alkynes?

<p>First triply bonded carbon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the simple compounds that are combined to create polymers?

<p>Monomers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the decolorization of a potassium permanganate solution related to alkenes?

<p>Indicates the presence of unsaturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for alkyl groups?

<p>C_nH_2n+1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many isomers are possible for the compound C10H22?

<p>75 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name of the alcohol derived from CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – OH?

<p>Pentan-1-ol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds has a methyl group attached at carbon 2?

<p>2-Methylbutan-1-ol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name of the compound with the structure CH3 – C(CH3) – CH2 – CH3?

<p>2-Methylbutan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the structure 3-Methylbutan-1-ol, where is the hydroxyl group located?

<p>At carbon 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the IUPAC names account for the arrangement of substituents in alkanes?

<p>By considering the alphabetical order and lowest sum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a structure of a branched alkane?

<p>CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which isomer of C5H11 has a methyl group on carbon 3?

<p>Pentan-3-ol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the structure CH3–C(CH3)–OH is true?

<p>It is a tertiary alcohol. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the IUPAC naming rules, what does 'sec' refer to in sec-butyl?

<p>Secondary alkane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these structures represents a longer carbon chain but with fewer branching points?

<p>1-Methylhexane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the structure CH3–CH2–C(CH3)–CH3?

<p>2-Methylbutane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is a straight-chain alkane?

<p>CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alkyl halide reduction

Alkyl halides (except fluorides) react with zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid to form alkanes.

Wurtz reaction

Alkyl halides react with sodium metal in dry ether to form higher alkanes, useful for creating even-numbered carbon alkanes.

IUPAC name for propane

Propane

IUPAC name for propyne

Incorrect name – need a correct IUPAC structure to provide a name.

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2-Ethylpentane structural issue

Invalid IUPAC name due to incorrect carbon chain.

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5-Ethyl-3-methylheptane structural issue

Invalid IUPAC name due to incorrect carbon chain.

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Electrolysis of sodium acetate

Electrolysis of sodium acetate solution yields ethane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide.

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Alkane production via electrolysis

Production of alkanes using electrolysis methods.

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Isomers of C10H22

Different molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures.

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Alkyl group general formula

CnH2n+1

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Isomeric alkyl groups C5H11

Different arrangements of 5 carbons and 11 hydrogens.

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Pentan-1-ol

An alcohol with a 5 carbon chain.

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Pentan-2-ol

An alcohol with a 5 carbon chain.

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Pentan-3-ol

An alcohol with a 5 carbon chain.

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2-Methylbutan-1-ol

A branched alcohol with a 4 carbon chain with methyl group at carbon 2, OH at carbon 1.

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2-Methylbutan-2-ol

A branched alcohol with a 4 carbon chain with a methyl group at carbon 2, OH at carbon 2

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3-Methylbutan-2-ol

A branched alcohol with a 4 carbon chain, with methyl group at carbon 3, OH at carbon 2

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2,2-Dimethylpropan-1-ol

A branched alcohol with a 3 carbon chain with two methyl groups at carbon 2 and OH at carbon 1.

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IUPAC Nomenclature

A standardized system for naming organic chemical compounds.

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Substituents (e.g., -CH3)

Atoms or groups of atoms attached to a primary carbon chain.

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Alkyl Groups

The hydrocarbon component derived from alkanes by removing one hydrogen atom.

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Alcohols

Organic compounds with an -OH (hydroxyl) functional group.

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Naming priority rules

In IUPAC nomenclature, decide the longest continuous carbon chain.

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Isopropyl group

The branched alkyl group -CH(CH3)2

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Cis-trans isomerism in alkenes

Different arrangement of groups around a double bond in alkenes results in distinct isomers having different properties.

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Dipole moment of cis-but-2-ene

Cis-but-2-ene has a measurable dipole moment (0.33 Debye).

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Dipole moment of trans-but-2-ene

Trans-but-2-ene has a negligible or close to zero dipole moment.

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Cis isomer

Groups on the same side of the double bond.

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Trans isomer

Groups on the opposite sides of the double bond.

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Polar molecule

A molecule with a net dipole moment, which means a separation of positive and negative charges within the molecule.

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Non-polar molecule

A molecule with a zero net dipole moment; no separation of charges in the molecule.

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Alkene isomers

Alkenes can exist as cis-trans isomers, differing in the arrangement of atoms around a double bond.

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Alkynes formula

The general formula for alkynes is CnH2n-2.

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Ethyne

Ethyne is the first stable alkyne; also called acetylene.

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Position Isomers

Position isomers have the same atoms but with different positions within the carbon chain.

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Chain Isomers

Chain isomers have the same number of atoms in the same type, but with different arrangements of the carbon chain.

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C6H10 alkyne

The 5th member in the alkyne series is C6H10.

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Dehydrohalogenation

A reaction where a halogen acid is removed from an alkyl halide to form an alkene.

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β-Elimination

A type of reaction where a hydrogen atom is removed from the carbon atom next to the carbon bonded to the halogen in alkyl halide.

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Alkyl Halide

An organic compound containing a halogen atom bonded to an alkyl group.

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Alkene

Organic compound containing carbon-carbon double bonds.

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Propene

Alkene, with three carbon atoms (CH3-CH=CH2)

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Geometric Isomerism

Different arrangements of atoms around a double bond leading to distinct molecules

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Alkene Double Bond Detection

Methods like addition of water and oxidation reactions using potassium permanganate help pinpoint the position of the double bond in alkenes and other unsaturated molecules.

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Addition of water to alkenes

Alkenes react with water in the presence of sulfuric acid, forming alcohols. This follows Markovnikov's rule.

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Oxidation of alkenes

Alkenes react with potassium permanganate (cold, dilute) to produce vicinal glycols. The disappearance of the permanganate color confirms the unsaturation.

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Polymerization of Alkenes

Large alkenes (like ethene) combine at high temperature, pressure, and with a catalyst to form polymers (e.g., polythene).

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Vicinal Glycols

Organic compounds with two hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbon atoms that form when alkenes react with certain oxidizing agents.

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Markovnikov's Rule

In alkene reactions with water or similar reagents, the hydrogen atom from the added reagent is preferentially attached to the carbon atom already having more hydrogen atoms.

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Polymer

A large molecule made of repeating smaller units (monomers).

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Monomer

A small molecule that joins together to form a polymer.

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Study Notes

Hydrocarbons

  • Hydrocarbons are compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen.
  • They are crucial energy sources, present in fuels like LPG and CNG.
  • Hydrocarbons are also used in the production of polymers (e.g., plastics), solvents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

Classification

  • Hydrocarbons are categorized as saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic based on the presence of single, double, or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) only have single bonds.
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes) contain double or triple bonds, respectively.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons feature a benzene ring structure.

Alkanes

  • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
  • Their general formula is CnH2n+2.
  • They exhibit structural isomerism (different arrangements of the same atoms).
  • Alkanes are generally unreactive under normal conditions, hence earlier known as paraffins.

Nomenclature of Alkanes

  • Nomenclature follows IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) rules.
  • The longest continuous carbon chain is identified and numbered.
  • Substituents (alkyl groups attached to the main chain) are named and located.

Alkenes

  • Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
  • Their general formula is CnH2n.
  • They exhibit both structural and geometrical isomerism.
  • Geometrical isomers (cis-trans) differ in the spatial arrangement of groups around the double bond.

Alkynes

  • Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • Their general formula is CnH2n-2.
  • They exhibit structural isomerism, like alkenes.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

  • Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic hydrocarbons containing a benzene ring structure (C6H6).
  • Their general formula does not follow typical alkane or alkene patterns due to delocalization.
  • Benzene exhibits remarkable stability due to resonance, explaining its unusual behavior.
  • Aromatic compounds undergo electrophilic substitution reactions.

Properties of Hydrocarbons

  • Hydrocarbons are generally nonpolar and insoluble in water.
  • Melting and boiling points increase with increasing molecular weight.
  • Alkanes are relatively inert, while alkenes and alkynes are more reactive due to pi (Ï€) bonds.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons show electrophilic substitution reactions.

Reactions of Hydrocarbons

  • Alkanes undergo substitution reactions, like halogenation.
  • Alkenes and alkynes undergo addition reactions, including addition of halogens, hydrogen halides, water, etc.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons typically undergo electrophilic substitution reactions.

Isomerism in Organic Compounds

  • Structural isomers differ in the order of bonding of atoms.
  • Geometrical isomers differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a double bond (cis-trans).

Preparation of Hydrocarbons

  • Alkanes can be obtained from petroleum and natural gas.
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbons, like alkenes and alkynes, can be prepared from alcohols, vicinal dihalides, or other unsaturated compounds and undergoing further reactions.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons can be obtained from cyclic polymerisation of ethyne.

Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons

  • Alkanes are nonpolar and insoluble in water.
  • Alkenes and alkynes are slightly polar.
  • Boiling points increase with molecular size.

Chemical Properties of Hydrocarbons

  • Alkanes are generally unreactive.
  • Alkenes and alkynes readily undergo addition reactions.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons undergo electrophilic substitution reactions.

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Hydrocarbons PDF - Unit 13

Description

Test your knowledge on the IUPAC naming of propyne and the reactions involving alkanes and alkyl halides. This quiz covers essential concepts in organic chemistry, particularly focused on nomenclature and reaction mechanisms.

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