Organic Chemistry Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a major group of biological macromolecules?

Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Minerals (correct)

All organic compounds contain at least carbon and nitrogen.

False (B)

What are the two main components that make up hydrocarbons?

Carbon and hydrogen

A functional group that contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and bonded to a hydroxyl group is known as a __________ group.

<p>carboxyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organic compounds with their examples:

<p>Collagen = Structural protein Breast milk = Source of nutrients Hemoglobin = Oxygen transport protein Ear wax = Protective barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Organic Compounds

Substances containing carbon and hydrogen, often found in living organisms.

Hydrocarbons

Simplest organic compounds with only carbon and hydrogen.

Substituted Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds with elements beyond carbon and hydrogen, featuring functional groups.

Biological Macromolecules

Large organic molecules with vital roles in living organisms.

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Monomers

Single building blocks of larger macromolecules.

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Study Notes

Organic Compounds

Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen.
Examples include breast milk, ear wax, collagen, and hemoglobin.
Six common elements found in organic compounds are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (CHONPS).

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic molecules.
They contain only carbon and hydrogen.
They form the basis of more complex organic molecules.

Substituted Hydrocarbons

Substituted hydrocarbons contain elements other than carbon and hydrogen.
These additional elements form "functional groups."
Functional groups give organic molecules new chemical properties.

Biological Macromolecules

Biological macromolecules are large, complex molecules with important roles in organisms.
They are made of repeating units called monomers.
Monomers link to form long chains called polymers.
Four major groups of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.